QL 527 A64T13 pt .2 ENT »ORT No. 4. MARCH, 1923. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GOVERNiVlENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE FORMOSA, JAPAN APHIDID/E OF FORMOSA PART 2 EYOICHI TAKAHASHI ^^J'nf^J^ PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE TAIHOKU, FORMOSA "■pal r^ QL 527 A64T13 pt .2 ENT •ORT No. 4. MARCH, 1923. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE FORMOSA, JAPAN APHIDID^ OF FORMOSA PART 2 RYOICHI TAKAHASHl'^^ot/fr'oI^S^ PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE TAIHOKU, FORMOSA / / ^ <^ '-^L/, L- li CONTENTS Page lutrcxluction .... 1 A list of the Furmo.s;^u Aphidida) 3 Descriptions of some uew or littlu-kui )wu Foimosiiu Apliididio. . 10 Descriptious of some uow or little-kuow ii Jiip.iiii..so ApliididiO . . 58 Field ol)Surv;itious ou some Apliididiio 69 Phuit-liuo and auts 154 A fix)d pl;ait cataloguo of tlic Formosau ApliididiU 156 Plates Judex Aphididfe of Formosa. — 2. By RYOICHI TAKAHASHI. Eutomc )lo"'ical Assistaut. Introduction. Since the publication of the former paper, " Apliididio of Formosa. — 1," in which ninety-eight species are rectirded, the fcillowiug uew forms have been collected in oiu' island : Macrosqilium cimcola ii. sp. 31. debilis n. sp. M. aml>rosice (Thomas). M. hmoanum n. sp. NeophorocJon riihi Takah. Myzm frojjicalis n. sp. M. momonis Mats 'i M. formosamis ii. sp. 31. 7ncidhx (Buckt). M. hii'lancrice u. sp. Capit(yphorns hippopliois (Koch). Ampilioropliora formosnio n. sp. A. sonchifolioi n. sp. Apliis nerii Boyer. A. 'inalvoldcs ran der Goot '? A. UUi Licht ? A. species. A. species. Cerosipjhu species. Cryptosipilmm artcmisioB Buckt. Evirieliosiphv.m mimduin n. s[). 2 UYUlCill TAKAIIASIU: Dilachims piidjormosjuns ii. sp. Dilachnm sp. Eidachims rileijl (Will.)? OreijiiiK orientdUfi n. sp. O. lao'iddmi V. (1. ( iojt. AdeijopUryx fici n. sj). A. utijracopliihi Ivai-s. Forda ftpecies. TLc wiugocl or windless forms of Macrosiplium pxderiae Takab., Fullawj- yclla formosana Takah., Cavarielki aral'ice Takali., Cavariella neocqirae Takah., etc. ami the sexuales of Callipterns liahaioahwlcalanl (Kirk.) and My~.uH persicce (Sulz.) were unkuowu when my first i)aix>r was written, Init thoj- all have beou collected siuce that time. In the present paper, I will describe these Formosau, and some new or littlo-known Japanese, Apliididio, and will also set forth the results of my field observations on these insects which have been earned on during the past six yejii-s in Japan, as well as in Formosa, adchng some notes on the apliidi- coloiis ants, and concluding with a foo errors in English. The author's most cordial thanks are due to the Hon. Prof. Dr. K OsHlM.v, Director of the Department of Agriculture, (lovernment Kcsearch Institute, for his kindness in publishing tliis j) ij)er. (The word " imme>. T. pohjijtmi/oriiimanvs Takab, 0. Geuiis Ntophorodun. N. ruhi T;ik;xli. 7. Genus Fliorodon. P. hv.muli (L.) 8. Geuus Amphorophoro A. indicum (v. d. Goot.) A. oleracece (v. d. Goot) A. soncM/oUae n. sp. A. formosanu w. sp. A. species. Sulitiilc Pentalonini. 0. Geuus Pt-ntaJonio. P. nigronei'vos2 Coq. 10. Geuus FullavMijella. F. /ormosana Tnkali. K violce. (Pcrg.) Sul 'tribe VesiculapWdini. 11. Geuus Vesicidcq)ltis. V. Ci'.ricis (Full.) Suljtril e Aphidini. 12. Geuus Wiapalosiiihum. syu. Yatiiakiphii. li. psendobrasslcce (Davis) i?. nympJiacije (L.) B. lahonnsis (Das) B. avencE (Fal.>.) ArHIDID.E L)F FORMOSA. syu. RlioptJosiphum papavcris Takah. TamatapJiis p'tpaveris Takab. Toxoptcm rufiabdoviinalis Sasald. Yamat((p7tis oryzae Mats. 13. Genus Cavariella. C. hicaudata (Essig et Kmv.) C. ncocaprce. Takali. C. aralice Takali. 14. Geuus Brcv>cor///ii_-. B. Inrasicce (L.) 15. Genus Tuxnpiera. T. aururdii (Boyer.) T. leomirl Takah. IG. Geuns Apilds. A. (jossijpll Glove. A. (jossijpii Glove, var. callicarpce Takali. A. hiidvo''. Kocli. A. iiicdLcaijiius K'jch. A. rumlcis L. A. salicctl Kalt. A. pomi De Geer. A. tava»j-si Del Guer. A. mo.lvoidcs v. d. Goot ? A. ncrli Boyer. A. Ulii Liclit? A. htrosawai Takali. A. misturtii Kocli ? A. droserce TakaL. A. laiscaidhl Takali. A. formos iiiu-s Takab. A. MraJai Takab. A. nudiUs Fitcli. A. Jiclcola Takab. A. soiiici Essiir et Kuw. KYUICni TAK.UiASHI : A. lamhvsce Full. A. smllcwlfdicB Takali. 17. (>eims A/iur.ip/iis. A. hclicltrijsi (Kalt.) IS. llijuloplcnis. II. j^runi (Fab.) 19. CJemis BracJi/jcofus. B. hrruwlii Tiikuli. '10. Genus Brachysiphonidla. B. ijramini Takali. 21. (Tomis Cerosipha. a sj>. 22. Ciomis Crypt'jmjjkiun. C. urlciamoi. Buckl. Tiilje Greenideina. Suljhibo Greenideini. 23. (Iciius Grccitidca. G. qucrci/oUce Takali. G. fvrmosana (Mnki) G. n'Kjra (Maki) G. ni(jni/asciu(a (^laki) G. fidcola Takali. G. taiicnnu Takali. 24. C>euii3 Entric/iosip/tum. E. Hthocarpi (Maki) A'. iiiiiDihua u. sp. Subhibo Cervaphidini. 25. (icnus Crrvaji/ds C. (jHC)Ti(s Takali. Tribe Callipterina. Suljtiibc Callipterini. 2(3. Gemis Mywcailis. 31. Ixnnhmicola Takali. 3r. pscndoahii TaL-vli. APHiniD.E OF FORJIOSA. M. qucrcifonnosamm Takrili. 31. liamhusifolice Takali. 27. Genus CaUiptcnis. G. l-ahatvaJiiohthmi (Kirk.) Subtribe Phyllaphidini. 28. Clenus. S/iiinpkis. S. cciti Das. Subtribe Saltusaphidini. 2d. (lemis Pliylkq')]ioidcH. P. lamlmsicola Takiili. Sulitribe Neophyllaphidini. 30. Geuus Kc< phyJlaphiii. N. iKidocorpi Tiikah. Subtribe Chaitophorini. 31. (tenus Piripilujlhis. P. formosanns Takali. Tribe Lachnina. Subtribe Lachnini. 32. Genus Laclmus. L. fh'UJa/uUa' (Tlieob.) 33. Genus Dilaclnms. D. phnforiiiosdiivs n. sp. D. sj). 34. Genus Tvherolachmis. T. virinnalis (Funs.) Subtribe Eulachnini. 35. Genus EuJiiclmiis. E. j^i^niformosamiH Takali. E. rilei/i WiViains ? Subtrilie Ancecini. 36. Genus Aiceona. A. adinodapli'im Takab. Tril)u Hormaphidina. Subtribe Oregmini. llYOIi lU TAKMIASni: 37. Geui'.s Orvijiiia. 0. Ixtmbnsicola Takiih. 0. bamhusl/dke Takali. O. panicda Takali. O. luniijera (Zobut.) 0. orichkdis i). sp. 0. 'inonhi/ia v. il. Goot. 38. Ciemis Ccratoplds. 0. h It, I nil e (Boisil.) Subtiibe HormapMdini. 39. Gouiis Ahurodaplds. A. hlumcce v. d. Goot. 40. Goiins A'-i(y&jjter>jx. A. qacrcicda. Takuli. A. (jiijanteum Takali. A. fid n. sp. A. uttiraiopldl I KaiSfli. A. -^tijmcbjda Takali. Tribe Pemphigina. Subtribe Melaphidini. -ll. (iciins Nurmhyi. N. a/drcu (Mats.) Subtiibe Fordini. 42. Geuas FonJa. F. sp. 43. Gcniis Geoica. G. luci/iKjit (v. (1. Goot.) 44. Geuus Paraddus. r. (j;,nodonfi (Das) Subtribe Eriosomatini. 45. Geuus Tdrancura. T. juvcimfi V. d. Goot. 8ul itril o Pemphigini. 4G. Geuus Dnjapdn. AI'HIDID.E OF FOiaiOSA. D. hlrsuta Bilker. Subfamily ChcrmcslncB. 47. GeniLS Ghermcs ? C. ? sp. ?, attacJclmj Piims. 10 KVdRHl TAK:Ur.VSll[: Descriptions of new or little=known Formosan Aphididae. Macrosiphum cirsicola n- sp. (Vl II, 15, Cys. 4—5) A\ iuglass viviparous fouialo. Yellow or giojuiisli yellow. Eyos d.a-k roddish lirowu. Auteuiia? pale lirowu, with the apicos of the I'rd and 4tli joints, aud tlie 5th and Gtli dusky. Cbniifles pale gi-een, with black apices. Cauda pale yellouish greeu. Legs pale lirowii, apices of femora and tibi;B, and tai-si black. 15ody with a few short bristles. Head with soiui; nioilerately long some- what knobbed setiw. Frontal tubercles developed, somewhat conxex on the inner side. .Vntcnna? very long and slender, with some very short slightly- knobbed set;!'; the Jird joint proviiled \\ith about 9 mostly small circular sensoria distri!)uted almost in a single row on the basal half; the 4th .slightly imbricah'd, Licking sensoria; the relative length of joints as follows: III — 178, IV— 1-24, \'— ] 02, VI— -is + ? 200. llostrum reaching the middle coxa\ C'l^rnicles cylindrical, very long and slender, slightly dilated at the base, imbricated throughout, without any reticulations, almost as long as the 4th autennal joint, aliout 1. 7 tiuies as long as the cauda, to which it attaius midlcngth. Cauda ensiform, wider than the cornicle, with 3 pairs of lateral bristles. Logs very long and slender, provided with many rather kmg normal SL'tct) ; tai'si not very long. Jjength of lx)dy — aliout 3.5nnu. AutLMma — about 5.0 mm. Cornicle — 0.9 mm. Winged viviparous female, (ireen. Head very slightly pale brownish. Eyes dark brown. Antenna) almost black. IMesothorax pale brown. .Vlilomen with some d.irk gieeu patches on the doi-suui. Cornicles pale brown, with Ijlack apicos. Cauda pile green. Legs pale brown, disbil halves of femora, apices of tibial and Lirsi black. Wings along the 1st and 2Md obliipies very narrowly fuscous clouded ; veins almost gray ; stigma pale gray. APHIDID.!-] OF FORMOSA. H Auteuure very loDg aud slender, ulir.ost witliunt Jjuirs ; the ord joint prcivided Avitli about 30 rather small, scunowbat prutrndiug circular seusoria arranged almost in a row over nearlj- the whole length ; the 4th somewhat imbricated, lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints about as follows: III — 147, IV — 107, \ — 81, VI — 28 -f- V Al.>domiual segments provided with many short seta> arranged in a transverse row. Cornicles cj-lindrical, very long and slender, imbricated, a little reticulated at the tip, somewhat dilated at the base, a little mure than twice as long as the cauda, and a little shorter than the 4tli anteunal joint. Cauda eusiform, pjro-\ided Avith 3 pairs of long lateral bristles and an apical one. Ihe 1st and ■2ud obliques on the fore wing rather stout. Legs very long and slender, proAided with many rather long normal sut;c ; tarsi rather shoit. Length of body — about 2.5 mm. Curnicle — about O.G uim. Host. — Cirsium Japonicum. Distribution — Formosa ; Taihoku ; Ja]:an : Tokyo. Macrosiphum debilis n. sp. (I'l. IV, A, figs. 2-4) Wingless viviparous female. Dirty green, somewhat pinkish. Eyes red. The 3rd and 4th anteunal ji'ints pale brown, which Hack apices; the 5th and 6th black. Cornicles black. Cauda green, slightly dusky. Legs i^ale brown, \vith the apices of femora and tibire, and tarsi lilack. Body with seme rather short stout setaj which are son:ewhat knobljed. Frontal tubercles not convex on the inner side. Autenuffi slender, A\ith some short capitate hairs, the 3rd joint provided Aiith 8 — 11 small circular seusoria not arranged in a row on the liasal hrdf; the 4th somewhat imbricated, lacking seusoria ; tha relative length of joints as follows: III— 65, r\'— 55, V— 44, VI— 74 (17 + 57). Kostrnm reaching the middle coxa\ Cornicles cylindricrd, st^ut, dilated at the base, tapering, im- bricated, reticulated almost on the distal half, about 4 times as long as wide, almost reaching the base of the cauda, almost as Ling as or a little longer than the 4th anteunal joint. C^auda ensiform, a little shorter than the cornicle, with 3 pairs of long lateral Inistles. Legs lung and slender, with many 12 IIVOICUI TAKAHASUI: moderately long seta"", soiiio of wliicli uvc knoblied. Lougtb of body — 2.6 mm. .Vntenuji — -2.6 mm. Cornicle — 0.55 mm. Winged viviparous female. Dirty gi'een. Head reddisli brown. Eyes red. Auteunte black, with the 1 ase of the 3rd joint paler. Thorax d;irk gi'eeni-h brown. Coi'nicles black. Cauda almost dirty yellowish brown. Wings hyaline; stigma pale greenish; \eins gray. Legs pale j'ellowish brown, apical liah'es of femora, apices of til)ia', and tarsi black. Body with some short, slightly linobbed Lairs. Hciid M ith some similar longer hairs. Fi'ontal tubercles well developed, not convex c m the inner side. Anteunai long and slender, with some short capitate hairs ; tlie "rd j )int provided with about 20 circular sensoria mostly of medium size, almost over the whole length not in one row ; the 4th sti-iated, lacking seu- soiia; the relative length of joints as follows: III — 9G, IV — 78, V — 66, VI — 142 ('ifJ + llC)). nostrum almiist reaching the middle coxa\ Wings normal ; bind wings with 2 parallel obliques; booklets 4. Cornicles cylindrical, moderately dilated at the base, imbricated, reticulated on the distal two-fifths, a little longer than the caiida, jJmost as long as the 4th antennal joint. Cauda ensiform, almost twice as long as the hind tiU'si, with 4 piirs of lateml bristles. Legs very long and slender, with numerous seta^ ; tiirsi very long, imbricated. Length of body — 2.4 mm. Antenna — 2.7 mm. Fore wing — 3.2 mm. Cornicle — 0.5 ram. Host. — Liiciuca dehilis. Distributi(jn. — Forniiisix : Tailioku. Macrosiphiim ambrosiae (lliomas) Si'jiJionojjhom ambiosia, Thomas, Illinois Lab. Nat. Hist., Bull 2, p. 4 a878); H.uda, Biol. Bull. XL, G, p. .35G (1921). Wingless viviparous female. Shining black. Antennae, eyes and cornicles black. Cauda brownish black. Ivcgs : femora black, with the bases brown; tibia:; In-own, with the Al'HIUrii.Ti OF FOEMOSA. 13 apices black ; tarsL liack. Bl-lIj with many ratlior louti;, \-er}- stout iiorinal bristles. Head with some longer bristles. Frontal tuljeicles moderately deve- loped, uot convex on the inner side. Autennie slender, with some rather long stout bristles, some of which are slightly knobbed ; the 1st joint much larger than the 2nd ; the 3rd provided with about 20 small circular sensoria scattered over the basal half ; the 4th somewhat imbricated, lacking sensoria ; the rela- tive length of joints as follows: III-lOO, IV-53, V-SO, VI-135 (20 + 115). Eosti'um reaching the Mud cox:o. Cornicles cylindrical, large, stout, dilated at the base, imbricateJ, reticulated on the distal one-fifth, about 4.5 times as loug as wide, a little shorter than the 3rd anteunal joint, aljout 2.2 times as loug as the cauda, almost reaching the caudal apex. Cauda large, rather stout, with many long bristles. Legs slender, i3rovided with many rather loug stout bristles. Length of body ^2.5 mm. Auteuua^2.7 mm. Cornicle — -0.7 mm. Host. — Gnapliulima mulUceps. Distribution. — Formosa : Kwaushirei. North America. Collected by the author in March, 1921. Hithei-to um-ecorded fi'om Formo.sa. Macrosiphuin rosae L? (PI. II, B, figs. 2-3) Wingless viviparous female. Groen. Antenna; yellowish brown, apices of the 3rd, 4th and 5th joints, and the 6th black. Eyes aud cornicles black. Cauda yellow. Legs yelk.^vish bro^\ u, apical halves of femora and tibiffi, aud tarsi black. Body as in Macrosiphum rosae L. in general appearance, provided with some short stout setio. Head provided with some k.uger setiB. Frontal tubercles large, somewhat convex on the inner side, where 4 setfe are present. Antenna) long aud slender, with some moderately long set;e ; the 1st joint very large, slightly augulated on the inner side ; the 3rd not imbricated, provided ^vitli 4—7 small circular seusoria almost in a smgle row near the base; the 14 ItYDHHI TAKAIJASIII: 4tli slightly imbricated ;it tlio tip, witlumt sensiila; Uls otii imbricated; tlio rolutivo length . .f j. .ints as f.ill.ms : III— 14-1, IV~11(J, V— 100, VI— 27 + 155. Rostrum rtsvching the middle eoxio. C'oruicliss cyliudrical, very long and slendov, broadest at the base, gi'adnally tapeiing, imljricatod, a little reticulated tip, (5.5 times as long :us wide, about twice as long ;us the canda. CiiutLi liU'ge, eusifonu, \\itli 3 pairs of lateral bristles. Legs long and slender, with numerous niod(!rately long set:e, toi'si normal. Length of body — :3.5 mm. Cornicle — 0.9 mm. Antenna — 4.1 mm. Host. — Bvhus "p , atbw:kiug the yi>ung shoots and leaves. Distiibution. — F( )rmosa (Kwanshirei). Macrosiphum granarium (.Kirby) (J'l. Niri, A, figs ()— 8) MucyoslplMm niistxmUd, Takahashi, .Vpliidid:o of lAjrmosa— 1, p. S (1921). A\'ingless viviparous female. (I)escrib(>d from sjiecimeus on Mlsccut/ius sp.) Dirty yellowish brown, somewliat pinkish. Eyes dark brown. Autenn:i3 and cornicles black. Abdomen black on the doi-sum. Cauda pale yellowish brown. Femora mostly l)lack, with the bast« pil(> ; tibia' pale brown, with black apices; tarsi black. Sjme individuals dirty pale giccn, piukisli ; .slightly diLsky on the dorsum of the alxlomou. Body elongately ovate. Head providi'd witli about 8 mcxleratelv long stout bristles \\hich are slightly capitated on the dorsal surface. I'Vontnl tulx;rclos moderately dovelojxHl, slightly con^■ex on the inner side. Autenn;e very long and slender, providi'd with some moderately long setu; which are slightly capit itt'd ; the iJrd joint scarcely imbricated, providi'd with 1 — o s.nall circular sensoria near the l).ise ; the 4th imbricated, lacking seasoria ; the relative lougtli of joints .-us follows: 111- 145, IV— 120, V— 90, VI— 27+140? Itostrum reaching the middle coxic. Tlwrax aud abdomen provided wiOi some rather short luiuv5 wliich are slightly capitatetl on the dorsmu. Cornicles long and slender, cyhndi'ical, somewhat expanded towai\l the base, slighth' nan'owed near the ajxix ui some sixx;hueiLS, imbricated, reticulated uu the apical one ArilTDID.E OF FORMOSA. 15 Ijftb, alujost as Lmg as tbo Srd antemial joiut, alwnt 1.7 iiincs as lou^ as the canda. Cauda louti:, eusiform, provided witli 3 or 4 pairs of lat«'ral aud au apical bristles. Legs very long aud slouder, provided with luauy moderatidy loug setfe which are scarcely capitated. Length of body — alxiut 2 5 mm. Autt^uua — about 2.8 mm. Cornicle — about 0.7 n^m. Host, — MiscanfJtus $p., attacking the tlcjwer. DistributioD.^ — Formosa : Taihoku. Some wingless viviparous females were oljserved in the first week of Decenaber, 1922. This species is closely related to IlacrosqjliMni smilacifoltce Takah. (AphididiO of Formosa — 1, p. 12), but differs fi'o'.a it in the cauda which is more stouter, as well as in the colour of the body. Macrosiphum paDderiae Takah. (Tl II, A, fig, 11 k PL V, A, fig-s. 1—3) Aphichd:e of Formrsa— 1. p, 11, pi. II. 2. fi.-s 1—5 (1921). Winged ^ivipar.jus female. Colour almost as in the wingless form. Wings hyahue. Head with some long bristles. Frontal tubercles large, slightly convex on the inner .side. Antenna:) very loug aud sleuder, ■\\ith a few very .short hairs ; the 1st joiut very large aud very slightly convex on the iuner side ; the 3rd provided with 7 — 8 circular seiisoria of medium size aiTaugod in a row mostly on the basal half ; tlie 4th slightly striate, lacking seusoria ; the relative length of joints as follows: III— 83, IV— 69, V— 68, VI— 150 (24 + 126). Kosti-um reacliing the middle coxa>. Abdomeu provided with sjme shorter bristles. Cornicles cyliudrical, somewhat shout, almost as long as the 5th antennal joint, scarcely dihited at the liase, slightly narrowed on the apical pjition, not im- liricated, with the apices rouglJy reticulated, almost 6.5 times as loug as wide. Wing-veius normal. Legs long aud slender, with many bristles. Length of body — 1.8 mm. Antenna — alxjut 3.0 mm. Cornicle — alxiut 0.5 mm. Tlie winged form w;is not kncjwn previously. 16 EYOICm TAK.UI.V-HI: Macrosiphum taiwanum u- sp. (PI. 1, B. ligs. 1^4) Wingless viviparous femalo. Wliite. EvfS l)lack. AiitciiDji' white ; apices of tlio ord and 4th"^joinis, apical half of tlie ;"tli, aud the Oth Mack. Coraides white, with Mack apices Cauda wliite. Fore femora \\Iiite, ^\itll black apices, jxisterior two pah's of femora mostly black ; tibiic wlute, with black apices ; tarsi black. Body "n-ith peculiar black or blackish l^rowu markings on the dorsum as shown in the figure. Body oval, without haii-s. Head with a few \ery short capitate hairs. Frontal tulxireles large, slightly convex ou the inner side. Anteuufo very long and slender, much longer than the body ; the 1st joint somewh;it augulated on the inner side ; the 2ud much shorter than the 1st ; the 3rd not imbricated, with a circular seusoria of medium or rather small size near the base ; the 4th slightly imbricated ; the relative length of joints as follows : III — 90, IV —64, y— 63, VI— 130 (26^104). Ptcstrum reaching the hind legs. Body lacking lateral tubercles. Cornicles cyhndrical, very long aud slender, as Idug as the 4th auteuual joint, reaching iicai- tli(» caudal aj^xjx, scarcely dilated ou the middle or base, scarcely imbricated, except the ti]), almost twic(» as long as the Cauda. Caudxi very large and stout, gradivdiy taixn-ing, Mith the apex rouudeil, with a slight consti-iction about midleugth, provided with 2 pairs of long lateral Imstles. Legs very long aud slender, with some short setae. Length of 1x)dy — about 2.3 mm. Anteuna — 2.7 mm. Cornicle — 0.45 uuu. Host. — ;;nkuowu. Distribution. — Formosa (Kwanshii-eij. Genus Neophorodon Tafcih. Proc. Eutom. Soc. Washiugtou, 24, p. 204 (1922). (Wingless form). Body provided with many capitate hau-s. Frontal tubercles large, v ithout projections ou the mosjd face. AntenuiP 6 — ^jointed ; spur longer tluui the base; tlu> 1st joint with a bhiiit tubercle ou the inner APniDID.E OF FOUMOSA. 17 side. Lateral find dorsiil tubercles absent. Coruiolos lou.u;. si'.idually swollen ou tlie distal lialf. CaiKli shorter than the eoruicle, stont, longer tliau wide, broadest at the base, tapering. Tarsi uornird. (Winged form). Body without cai^itate hairs. Frontal tubercles \evy short. Antennae with circular seusiivia ; the 1st jV>iut with a small tuliercle. Wing-veins normal. Type — Neojihoroihm ruin Takah. This genus is closely allied to Pliorodon Pass, and 3Iuisu/imraJ(i Schiiiu (syn. Acanthaphis Mats.), Ijut diliers from the former in lacking projec^tions on the frontal tubercles, and from the latter in having no tulierdes on the dorsum of the abdomen. Neophorolon is also allied to Akkak' Takah., I.nit it is dis- tinguished from the latter bj' the 6-jointed antenna;, the lack of prcijectious on the frontal tubercles, the smaller anal plate, etc. Neophorodon rubi Takah. (I'l. 1, B, tigs. 5—8). Proc. Entom. S(k'. Washington, 2-1, p. 20.t (1922). Wingless viviparous female. Pale yellow. Eyes black. Antenna? mostly black. Cornicles pale brown, with the apices black. C'auda yellow. Legs pale brown, apices of tibial, and tarsi lilack. Bod}' oblong, provided with many rather long capitate haire. Froutibl tubercles very large, almost as long as the 2nd anteunal joint, lacking projections, very slightly con^■ex and provided with 2 capitate hairs on the inner side. Autenufp provideil \\ith a few short capitate hairs; the 1st joint much larger than the 2ud, on the inner side with a Ijroad, lilimt tubercle which does not attain the apex of the 2ud joint, pro^-ided with 2 capitate hairs ; the 2ud ku.-king projections ; the 3rd slightly imfiricated, lacking sensoria ; the 4th imbricated ; the relative length of joints as follows : III — .33, 1\ — 22, Y — 21, \1 — 61 (lb + 4.6). Kostrum reaching the Uiiuddle coxa;. Cornicles long, equid in length to tlie last anteunal ji>iut, almost reaching the base of the Cauda, scarcely imbricated, somewhat swollen on the distal half, exixanded at the base, broadest at the base, about 4.2 times as long as wide and about 4 times as long as the cauda. C'auda short, stout, triangular when seen from 18 KVOICHI TAKUI.VSIII. nbove, luugor tlian wide, w itli the ajiex nniiidt'il, provided witli "2 pi'rs of in xleratoly I()i)<^ lutoral bristles. Tjogs slender, witli many capitate hairs ; hind tarei a little shorter than the cauda. Length of b(xly — 2.2 mm. Antenna.- — 1.3 mm. Cornieki — 0.4 mm. Winged viviparons female. Yellowish jjrowii. Head, antenna} imd thorax black. AVidomeu with the middle of tin dorsum somewhat dusky. Cornicles slightly dusky. Cauda yellow. Wings hyaline ; stigma gray ; veins dark brown. Legs yellowish brown ; apice of tibiji} slightly dusk\- ; tar.^i Ijlackish. (Described from sjxici- mens pre.servocl in alcohol). ]>ydy without luiirs ; heatl with some short In-istles. Frotal tubercles vorj' short, sjmewhat projecting on the inner side. Antenna! laking hairs, the 1st jjint larger than the ^nd, with a short, bhmt tuljercle on the inner side ; the 3rd not imbricated, provided with 27 large, oval sensoria scattered over the w'hole length ; the 4th somewhat imbricated, pro\ided with 14 large, circular or <)\al sensoria scattered over the whole length ; the oth ])rovidi! I with 5 large seusjria in a row along the whole length, the apical sensjrium large and oval ; tlie relative length of joints as follows: 111—4!), IV— 29, ^■— 2fi, YI— G7 (15 + 52). llostrum reaching the middle coxa'. Subcosta with 7 small sensoria on the distal two-thirds ; tlie 2ud branch of the 3rd (jlilique rather shart ; hind ^^ings with 2 almost parallel oblicpies ; hooldets 3. Gn'nicles nearly suuilar to those of thj wing- less for/n, njoderately swollen on the distiJ two-thirds, expanded at the base, 5 times as long as wide, scarcely imbricated, iis long as the spur of the list anteun il joint and almost 4 times as long as the cauda. Cauda trian- gular when seen from aU)ve, almost as long as wide, as 1 aig as the hind tarei, with 2 pairs of lateral li.istles. Legs slender, with many bristles. Length of botly — 2.25 mm. Antenna — 1.5 mm. Fore wing — '-^.4 mm. Cornicle — 0.37 mm. Host. — liulim sj). {II. fidxint/ollus?). Di.^tiiliulion. Formosa : Kagi. ArHrniD.E of fokmosa. 10 Trichosiphonaphis Takab. Proc. Eutom. Soc. Washigfajn, 24, p. 405 (1922). Wiugless form. Body broad, with S(ime sLoii capitate liair.3. Frontal tubercles laPge, with a short, blunt tubercle on the inner side. Anteuna" (3-jointed ; spur longer than the base; the 1st joint slightly convex on the inner sid*. Lateral and dorsal tubercles absent. Cornicles cylindrical, slightly swollen near the apex, provided with some prominent capitate ban's. Cauda large, longer than wide, shorter than tlie cornicle, somewhat constricted at the base. Tarsi normal. Winged form. Body without capit;ite hairs. Frontal tubercles very short, slightly convex on the inner side. Antenna? G-jointed ; sensoria circular. The 3rd oblique twice forked ; hind wings with only one oblique. Cornicles cylindrical, slightly swollen near tlie apex, provided ■(\'ith some prominent liristles which are not capitate, ('auda short and stout. Type. — Mi/zus p lucjoniformosamun Takah. This genus differs from M/jzus Pass, in the following points : 1. Hind wings with only one oblifjue. 2. Cornicles provided with normal or capitate hairs. TrichosiphonapMs polygoniformosanus Takah. (PI. ni, B, figs. 2-4) Winged viviparous female. Bjdy lacking hairs. Head with a few normal hairs. Front d tubercles very sboi-t, somewhat convex on the inner side. Antennas imbricated, lacking hau's ; tha 1st joint scarcely convex on the inner side ; the 3rd provided with about 45 very small, circular seusijria scattered over the whole length ; the 4th with 18 very siuiill sensoria ; the 5th with alx)ut 8 sensoria almost in a row, the apical sensoria larger; the relative length of joints as folk)ws : III —61, IV— 37, V— 32, YI- -91 (13 + 78). Kosti'um reaching the I'd!.. ,..,XiP, 20 KVOICIII T.\K\ll.\SIir: Fore wiiig^ with tlio 3ril obliinu' tw ice foilioil ; subeost:i, provMeil witli nbont 10 small eirciilar seusuiia on the ilistal half ; stigiuatic vuiu not strongly cnrved ; liiiitl wings with onl}' one oljli{ine ; hooklets 4 ; A\iiig voiu3 rather stout, t'ornicles cylindrii-al, imbricated, very slighted dilated on the basal and distal ixirtioiis, "2.5 times as long as the Cauda, reaching almost the caudal baso, G times as long as wide, with some moderatel}' long bristles. Cauda short and stout, widened on the b.isal half, longer than wide, Avith 2 pairs of lateral bristles near tlie ajx'X. Legs long and sli'uder, with uuniy seta- ; tarsi rather slender ; hind tarsi as long as the cauda. Length of VkkIv alniut l.S mm. Antenna' — alxmt l.S mm. Coruiclo- -0.:> mm. l-'on; whig- -2. 5 mm. This winged female, which was hitherto unknown, was collected in March 1U21 at Kagi. Host.- -I'olyiionuiii 'parfolhAwi. An aphis feeding on Louivem. jirpuniai- seems to 1 e identic al with this species. A\'ingle5s viviijaroas female iPl. II, A, figs. 8- -9) (on [jii'iiinra Japoyiicc) Dark brown, l)lackish brown or black. Head .somewhat yellowish. Eyes dark jjrown. Antenna) jiale yellowisli iirown, apex of the 5th joint, and the 6th dusk}-. Cauda yelloAvish browji. Cornicles yellowish bro\\ii, A\ith black apices. T^egs pale yellowish brow n ; apices of tibiiv, and tarei dusky, liody oval, provided with a few very sluut capitate hail's. Head pro\ided \vith a few rather k)ng normal bristles. Frontal tubercles conspicuous, with a sm;dl blunt tubercle on thi- iimer side, provided witli 2 — 3 short capitiito haiiB. Eyes protruding. .VntenniC imbricated, w itli a few \ery short capitate luiii-s ; tl''; 1st joint somewhat convex on the inner side; the 3rd Licking sensoria ; the relative length of joints ns follows : II [—52, IV— 32, ^'— 32, ^'I— 74 (1()^G4). Jlostni 111 reaching r. little beyond the hind ctiX'X?. Body without dorsal and iat<>ral iulcrcles. Cornicles very long, almost as long as the Gth anteunal joint, reaching far beyond the apex of the Cauda, imbricated, pro- minently dilated at the baso, almost (> times as long as wide, slightly (hinted near Uic tip, 3 times as long iis the <"iuda, pro\ idcd \\ ith some prominent loug AriliniD.K i.)F FOKMOSA. 21 fa]ntcite hail's, A\-luch avo mostly ou tlio Ijasal half. Cauda larg<\ iiuK'h loiigei' tliau tlie liiuil tarsi, alumst l.G times as loug as wide, somewhat o mstric'ted olose to tlie base, with the apex rounded, provided with 5 pairs of lateral bristles. Legs loog, provided with mauy rather long bristles; tarsi rather slender. Leugtii of body — 1.4 mm. Antenna — 1.7 mm. Cornicle — 0.5 mm. Described from the specimens from Formosa. Host. — Loidccra japonica ]3istribution. — Formosa : Taihoku. Japan : Tokyo. The Formosau specimens somewhat differ fro)u the Japanese ones in the longer cornicle. Myzus persic3e (Sulz). (Fl. VU, A, figs. 1 k. 3) AViuged male. Head, eyes, antenna", and mesothorax bleck. Abdomen dark green. Femora mostly black ; tiliiix; pale l)rown, with black apices ; tarsi black. Wing-veins dark brown ; stigma rather pale lirowu. Cornicles pale greenish. Cauda blackish ? Frcintjxl tubercles almost as iu the winged viviparoiLS female. Aiiteuufe ver}- long and slender, witliout hairs ; the 3rd joint provided ^vith about 50 rather small circular seu5oria scattered over the whole length ; the 4th somewliat imbricated, provided with about 22 very small sensoria over the whole length, not arranged iu a row ; the 5th provided with about 22 simiLir sensoria ; the relative leugtii of joints as follows : III — 62, IV — 52, V — 47, VI — 105 (21 + 84). liostrum reaching the middle cosai as in the winged viviparous female. Wings not dilluriug from those of the viviparous form, ('oruicles very slightly shorter than the 5th autenual joint, almost 3 times as long as the cauda, rather similar in shajxj to those of the vivip.arous form. Cauda stout, much shorter than that of the winged viviparous form. Length of body — about 1.4 nmi: Antenna -2.2 jiim. Fore wing — 2.G5 mm. Thi'ee males were collecteil iu a colony ou Sol'inum mioiKjmn, ou March 21, 1922, near Taihoku. No oviparous females have been found. 22 IJMiUHI rVKAIIASlIF: Myzus formosanus u. sp. il'I. \ ir, A, ligs. 4—5). A\'iuj.iik liiowii. I'yes bliickish browu. AntenniXi pale biMwu, jijx^x ui the 4th juiut, and tlie atli ami (!tli black. Coniieles aud Cauda iibuost black, somewhat l>n)wiiish. liC^s ))ale brown, tarsi soniewluit dusky. Bo). ll)strum reaching the middle cox;e. Tjiteral or dorsal tubercles a1>sent. Abdoiiiinal segments ])rovidcd with some rather .'iiioit normal bristles arranged in a transverse ruw on the dorsum. Cornicles rather slioi-t and st.jut, imbricated, uot reticulated, broadest at the bii^e, .somewhat tjiixiring, sometimes very .slightly curved, shorter thiUi the 3rd, but a little longer than the 4th antennal joint, t'auda not stout, almost as long as the 5th antennal joint, broadest at the base and bT,{x>ring when .seen fi-tim above, with 2 slight Cdnstrictioas, provided with 2 or 3 jiaii-s of later.d bristles. TiOgs m(Hlerately li'ng, ])ni\idctl with s )n,»> rather shoit .set;f ; tiiBi rather short. Ijciigth of IkkIv about l.S mm, .Vntcnua — about 1.0 mm. {'ornide 0.2 mm. ('auda().12 mm. ' Host. Ful iirjmmm ihiiumsix. Distribution. - Formasa : Tailmkn. Myzus menthae (Uuckton). (,i'i. VIII, r., figs, i^-ti) Sij>]tlii,rii 'iwntliiv. ISuckt'ii, Monog. r>ritish .\phid. 1, p. 120, yl. IX, fig. 1- 2 (1875). riiorodim vuHthce, van der (Joot, Keimtuis Holland Blattl, p. 134 (1915). Wingless viviparoas female, l^ark given. Head ]iile greenish. Eyes black, somewhat I>rowni3h. AIHIliID.E OF FORMOSA, 23 ADteuDfo pale lirowuisli, slightly dusky ( u tlio distal half. CVuuick'S slightly pale Ijrowuish, slightl^■ dasky at the apex. Cauda pale gicoiiish. Legs palo brovmish, tarsi slightly dusky. Body oval, with the dorsal surface iiregularly reticiJatal. Head pro\ided with a few very short stjut haii-s which are somewhat capitated. Froutiil tubercles well developed. Auteuiifo loDg aud slender, imbiicatcd, with a few veiy short hail's which are slightl,^- capitated ; the 1st joiut soruewhat convex on the inner side; the 3id joint lacking seusoria ; the relative length of juiufs as follows: in— 6.J, r\'— 50, Y— 50, YI— 102 (20+82). Rostrum reaching the hind coxse. CoiTiiclos cylindiical, somewhat dilated towards the liase, very ylightly curved, imbricated, almost as long as or a little shorter than the 3rd antennal joint, about 2.7 times as long as the cauda, about 3.5 times as lr)ng as wide. Cauda broadest at the base, alxiut 1.5 times as long as ^\ide, much longer than the hind tarsi, provided with 3 pair-j of long lateral bristles. Alxlomen pro^■ided with some very short set» ou the dorsum. L^gs long and slendei-, provided ■\\ith some setiX". Length of lx)dy — al)out 1.1 mm. Antenna — alKmt 1.5 mm. Cornicle — al)0ut l*.3 mm. Winged viviparuus female. Green. Head bro\\nLsh. Eyes almost blackish brown. Anteun;e l)lack, veiy slightly pale just at the lia.se of the 3rd joint. ]\Iesothorax dusky. Cornicles pale green, slightly- dusky at the apex. Cauda pale grreu. Legs pale brown ; dLstal halves of femora, apices of tibise, and tarsi lilack. Wings hyaline; stigma p.ale dusky; veins dark brcwu. Body oblong. Head ])ro\idLd with a few very short liairs. Fi-ontal tul)ercles moderately convex on the inner side. Anteuufe long and slender, imbricated, almast hu'king hairs ; the 1st joint somewlmt convex ou the inner side ; the 3rd joiut provided with about 25 — 30 small circular seusoria scattered over the whole length, the 4th with about 10 — 13 similar sensoria, the 5th with alxjut 3 — 5 sensoria aiTauged almos': in a single row ; the relative length of joints about as follows: 111—70. .78, lY— 51, Y— 50, YI— 112 (22-90). Rosti-um reaching the Hnd cox;t'. Suljcosta of the fore wing provided with 3 or 4 small sens aria ; veins rather .stout; the Lst oblique not curved; tlie 2nd very •21 IIVOICHI TAKV1IA>-HI: sliK'itly ciii'vt'd ; tlui IJrd twica forktHl, cxteiiclinfi; to tlie wiii^ ajx'X ; liiud wings witli 2 ()liIi(HiOT which arc almost parallel; hoaklets 2. Abdumou provided with a few \evy short Inirs. ( oriiicles cvliudrical, raodcr.itely exjianded at the liase, somewhat iiuln-ioMtod, almost as long as the 4th autemaal joiut, a little more tluui twice as long as the caiida. C'anda with 3 paks of moderately long bristles. Legs very loug aud slender, provided with mauy moderately long Sjtae. Tx'Ugth of Ixxly — about 1.2 mm. Antenna — about 1.5 mm. H jst.- -J/(/(//(a arvoifiis L. var. cuhjin-is Beuth. Distriliution. — I'ormosa : Taihoku. Euro^Je. Mixuy winged aud wingless viviparoas females were collected by the autlior on October 24, 1922. Plitherto luni'corded from Formosa. Myzus tropicalis u- sp. (I'l. 11, A. ligs. (•)— 7). Wingless \i\iparous female. Yellowish gi'ceu or yellow. Es'es black. Antenna^ yellow, apices of the ■'rd, 4th and ."Jtli joints, and the Gth bhxck, Cornicles yellow, apical halves black, ("auda yellow. Logs yellow; apices of tibiit) very sligiitly dusk}'; tarsi bku-k. Body provided with a few rather .short, stout bristles which arc; not capifcite. Head provided with .some longer similar bristles. Frontal tubercles modenitely deve- loped, prominently convex on the inner side. Antenna» imbricated, with some sctio ; the 1st joint slightly (;onvex on the inner side, t\w 3rd lacking sc^usjria ; the relative length of joints as follows: 111—53, IV— 30, V— 27, VI— 85 (13 + 72). Kostnim reiW^hing the middle cox;ie. Body lacking d >i-sal tubercles. Coniiclcs cylmdrical, long, almost twice jis long as the 4th antonrud joiut, rejichiug the l)a.se of the cauda, imbricated, broadest at the b;use, ring, almist 1.5 time? as loug as wide, with 3 ])aii-s of lateral bristk's. I>t>gs pnjvided with m;iny rath.T loug setiX?. Length of Ixwly — 2.1 mm. .Vntenua — l.G mm. Cornicle — 0.4(3 mm. ArHinin.i': op forjiosa. 25 Winged viviparous female. Yellowish lirowii. Head, eyes, auteuua^, proiiotmn aud mesothoras bLwuk- Wiugs lijaline ; stigma aud voius gray. Abdomeu with some dusky bauds and patches ou the dorsum. Cornicles lilack. Cauda bi'owuish. Tjc^gs l>rowu, a])ie,al halves of femora, apices of tibia?, aud tarsi l)lack. Froutiil tubsrcles very short, souiewhat c^ouvex cm tue inuer side, with s ime short Imstles. AuteuutB iiubrieat<'d, with a few short bristles ; the 1st joint slightly convex on the inner side ; the ^hd provided witli 13 — 14 rather lai'ge, circular s^usoria over the whole l(Mjgth n )t airauged in a row ; the 4th lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows : III — (Jl, IV — 4.5, V— 37, VI— 97 (13+84). Kostiiun reaching the middle cos;e. R'othorax with a blunt lateral tubercle. Wing veins normal ; oliliques on the hind wing pai'allel ; haiklets 4. Cornicles cylindrical, .slender, as long as the 5tli autenual joint, almost reaching the base of the oauda, imbricated, not reticulatid, gi'adually tapering, 2.7 times as long as the cauda. Cauda 1.5 times as long as %vide, with 3 pairs of lateral bristles. Length of body — 1.7 mm. Cornicle — 2.5 mm. Antenna — 1.8 mm. Host. — Prumis persicn. Distribution. — Formosa : Sozjiu. Myzus momonis flats'? (PI. V, B, figs, 7—14) Mutsumma, Join-s. Coll. Agr. Sapporo, VII, pt. 6, p. 402 (1917). W^ingless viviparoiLS female. Blackish brown, s^mewluit tinged with yellow. Eyes and cornicles black. Antenna? yellowish lirown, with the apical half dusky, Cauda brown. Legs yellowish brcwn. Body without hairs. Frontal tulx^rcles moderately convex on the inner side. Auttnma? short, stout, imln'icated, without luvirs ; the 3rd joint lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows : III — 31, IV— 14, V— 9, VI— 34 (9 + 25). Hostrum reac^ung the middle cox;o. Body lacking tuliercles. Cjrnicles rather short, imbricated, c^-liudrical, slightly 26 RYOICIH T.U^AnASUI : cxpiiudixl iit the luuse, soiiKswliat slij^litly furved, ;is loug ;is tlu; spur of the List anteuruJ joint or tin; 'Wd niitoiiiiiil joint, silmost twico hs Iod^ :is tho caiid-i. CiiiicLi sboi-t iiud brojwl, tajxiriug, with a sb'glit constriction near the tip, provided with some bristles. Legs piwided with some moderately long bristles ; tai'si ratlwr short. r.ength of liody -1.6 mm. Antenna- — about 0.7 lum. Winged vivipirons ftniiide. Fronhd tiiberclts short, s jmowliat convex on tlie inner side. Antennso imbricated, lakiug hairs; the 3rd joint p'ovided ^^•ith alwnt 36 large tcirciiLir or oval sensorii scattered over th^ whole lengtii ; the 4tli witli 7 [simiLiv scnsorii not in a row over the whole length ; the 5tii with a Sfusorium near the Lirge apical sensorium ; the reLxtivo length of joints as folknvs : III — 50, 1X^21, V— 13, VI— o:} (11 + 42). Ilostrmn reaching tho middle coxa^. Cor- nicles simiLir to tlioS(i of the wingless form, a little longer thjui the 4th antenn;d joint. Tlie .Srd oblique only once forked (tliis is perhaps abnormal ; hind wings witli 2 divergent obliques; booklets o. lyjngth of body — ^1.5 mm. .Antenna — ^1.35 mm. Host — Prwiits pcrsica. Distrilnition. — Formosji : Toycn (Kappanzan) Japan : Sapjwro. Hitherto uurcvorded from Formo.sa. Myzus boehmeriae n. sp. (I'l. VUI, A, figs. 1—5). Wingless vivijmrons f»Mn;ile. A\'hit-\ Eyes l>l,u'k. Antemia) white, apices of joints slightly diisk^-. Cornicles and Cauda white. Legs white, apices of tibiae slightly dusky, tarsi dusky. Body oval. Head provided with a few moderately long bristles which are not knobted. Frontal tubercles well developed, convex on the inner side. Antenna) long and slender, imbricated, almost lacking liaire ; the 3rd joint lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints about as follows : 111—103, TV — 85, V— 64, ^'I 148 (28+120). Rostrum reaching beyond the middle cox and mesothorax black. Fyes blackish bro^\n. Pronotum dusky. Wings hyaline, stigma and veins almost gray. Abdomen with a Lirge black patch ^.n the dorsum, about 4 black patches on the side, and many lilack patches also on the dorsum. Cornicles lilackish. Cauda yellow, very slightly dusky. Femora yellow, with black apices; tibitc blackish brown, v.Mi black apices ; tarsi black. Body oblong. Head provided with some moderately long luistles. I'VoLtal tuliercles moderately convex on the inner side. Antenupe long and slender, almost lacking hairs ; the 3rcl joint somewhat imbricated, provided with aViout 10 large, circular sensoria aiT.mged in a row almost over the whole length except the distal part ; the 4th imliricated, provided with — 1 sensorium ; the relative length of joints as fi^llows : III— 97, IV— 85, ^'— 67, ^"I— 147 (•27 + 1201. Rostrum reaching the middle coxa?. Abdomeu provided with a few moderately long bristles on the dorsum. Cornicles cylindrical, imbricated, scarcely dilated at the base, almost as long as or a little shorter than the 5th antennal joint. Fore wings : veins normal; subcosta with 2 — 3 sm;dl sensoria on the disfcxl half; hind wings with 2 parallel oljlicjues ; booklets 3 or 4. Legs long and slender, provided with many moderately long seta\ Cauda almost half as long as the cornicle. Length of Iwdy — about 1.7 mm. Antenna — about 2.0 mm. Cornicle — about 0.3 mm. Fore wing — alxnit 2.7 mm. Host. — Brehmeria nivco. Disti'ibution. — Formosa : Urai. 2S KVUlCill TAK.VII.Vsni: A few spccimeus wove colloctctl on the lower surface of the leaves on December 3, l'J22. Myzus woodwardiae Takah. Aphiiliaa' of l-\,rmw.sa, pt. 1, p. 20 (1921). Wingless viviparous female. Orauge. Eyes dark rel. Frontil tubercle, blackish. Autenn-.c ])ile Avllow, apices of the ord and 4th j >iiits, apical half of tlie 5th, and the 1st, 2nd and Gth black. Pro-aud mesDnoluai brownish. Metmotiini and dorsum of each of the abdomiu.al segmeuts with about 8 small brown spots aiTaugcd transvei-sely, of which the middle and lateral ones are largest. Coruicles deep blick. Cauda abuost blavk. Legs pale \ellow, apical halves of femora, apices "f tibi;i', and tai'si bLu'k. I have formerly described tlie cautla of the wingless form as yellow iu dluur b}- mistake, aud uow corrected this as alK)ve. Capitophoriis hippohaes (Koch) liho-palofiiphnm hlpivtphm, Ko,-h, Die rtlau/,1. p. 28, figs 36—37 (1857). C'lpUo'horns (jalcopsldia, van dcr (!oot, Tijdschr. voor Entom. LYI, p. 84 (19131. C ipiliiphnriis liip-AiplicBs, van dcr Goot, Kenntnis H)llaud. Blattl. ]). 122 (1915) and C'nitrib. launa. Ind. Neerland 1, iii, p. 4() (19171 Wingless viviparoiLS femido. I'ale yellowish green, s )metimre dark gi-een. Eyes dark red. Antenna) ]ialo brown, almost coLnu-less at the base of the 3rd jiiigth of IkkIv — 2.2 mm. Auteuiia — 2.8 mm. Coruiele — 0.4 mm. Host. — Sonc/iuii (o-veimfi. Distribution. — Formos;i : Taihiiku, KwaiLshiiei. Closely relate I to A. ulcnuvdc (v. d. Cioot), hum w hich it ditl'ers in the more slender cornicles. Amphorophora species. (I'l. Ill, l'>, lig«. 5—7) A\'ingless vivip.irous femjile. White, souieuhat pile jellowish. Eyes lilaclc. .\nteuuae white, apices of the ;h-d, 4th, and ilth joints, and the (;th l)laek. Coruicks wliite with black apices. Legs white, a]>ical halves of fem ira, apicei of tibiae, and tarsi black; til >iae somewhat ))ile i)idwnish on tlu; basal half. Cauda white. Body ov;d, with some short bristles. Frontal tubercli>s large, somewhat eouvox on thj inner side. Antennae very long and slender, provided with a few short hairs; the I5rd joint provided with 1 or 2 small circular sensoria near the base ; the 4th ver}- slightly imbricated, lacking s us ria ; the relative length of joints a.s follows : HI— 75, IV— 53, V— 48, VI— 115 (18 + 97). Kostrum reaching beyond tins hind co.\a.>. Cornicles long, a little longer than the 4th antonnal joint, about l.S times as long : is the cauda, cylindrical, very slightly dilated about tlij middle and on the base, with a little imbricatiou at the tip. Cauda 1 irge, ensiform, with a few lateral bristles. Legs very long and slender; tibiiie provide I witli niany short bristles; tarei rather short. Length of lK)dy — 2.1 mm. Antenna — about 3.2 mm (Cornicle — O.tJ mm. Host. — Fdliin Japonic/, attacking the leaf. Distribution. — Formosa : llimogan near Urai. Colltvted by ^Iissrs. Kuroaiwa aud Suetii in Julv, 1921. APHIDID.B OF FORMOSA. 33 FuUawayella formosana Tiikali. (PI. l\, v., fig. 4) Aphididac of Foivuosu— 1, p. 29 (1921'. WiugiC'SS viviparous feii.ale. ShiuiDg black. Ho.'id brownish lilack. Eves black. Autenuae black, ■with the 3rcl joiut yellowish browu. Cornicles lu- thirds, slightly dilated on the liase, shorter than the 5tli antenual joint. Cauda large and stout, wider than the cornicle, broadest at the base, gradually tapering, almost without constrictions, the a]x?x rounded, about one haK the length of the cca-nicle, with a few short lateral In-istles. Leg's long and slender, provide;! with son.e setae. Length of l)ody — about 1.7 mm. Antenna — about 2.2 una. Cornicle — aljout O.o mm. Winged viviparous feruale. Head blackish brown. Eyes l)lack. Antennae black, brownish on the basal half of the 3rd j_)sta pruvideil with 4 — -5 seiisoria mostly on the apical half; hind wings with 2 obliques which are sligthly divergent. Length of b ) ly — 1.8 niiu. .Vuteuua — about 2.-1 mm; ('oruicle — aI)out 0.3 mm. Hosts. — Allium Jistulostis ; AVium Hcorodopnisum i\if vivipu-uia. The above description was made from the specimens ou AUiuni fistulosus. l)istriI)utiou. — Formosa : Taihoku, Toyeu, Shinteu. Rhopalosiphiim aveuae FaVi.) Aplds ((i7c*(((e, I'abricius, Ent im. Syst. iv, y. 2;i (IT'.t-lt; Walsh, Proc. Eutom. Sjc. rhila lelphia, p. 298 (18G2j ; Del Gueicio, liidia, is, 2, p. l'J7 (1911); B;:.ruer, So.auir's Handb Pilauzk. 3, p. 670 (1913); D.ivis, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 112 ^19ili; Patch, Maine Agv. Expt. St. Bull. 233, pp. 2-i(J and 2uG (^1914 .; Tluiug, Biol. Bull, xxxi, 1, p. .54 (1916); Baker and (^uaiutiince, V . S. Dopt. Agi-. I'avniers' Bull. 8'J4, p. 13 (1917) ; Essig and Kuwaua, Proc. t'.ilif. Acad. He. 4th ser. viii, 3, p. 67 (1918) ; Petorsou, Now Jersey Agi-. Expt. St. Bull. 332 (1918) ; Alathoson, Cornell I'niv. .Vgr. Expt. St., Mem. 24, p. 750 (1919); Swaiu, Uuiv. Calif. Pub. iii, 1, ].. 94 (1919); P.^tjrson, Jl. E.vm. Entom. xii, 5, p. 363 (1919) and Ann. Ent mi. S )c. An erica, xii, 4, p. 391 (1920) ; Lathrop, Jl. Ecou. Eut mi. xiv, p. 436 (1921). Sij)hocor;/iie avinuv, Perg.iude, U. S. Dept. .\gi'. Div. Entom. Bull. 44, ]ip. 1^13 (1904) ; (^)iiaintauce, U. S. Dept. Agi-. Bureau Entom. Circular, 81, p. 3 (1907) ; Ciilletto, Jl. Econ. Ehtom. i, p. 308 (1908 / ; Tlieobald, Cau. Ei.tjm. 48, p. 235 (1916) ; Matmimira, Jl. Coll. Agi-. Sijipn-o, vii, pt, 6. p. 359 (1917); Da^^ Mem. Indian Mus. vi, p. 194 (1918"). Aphis j>„J!, Kaltonbach, Monog. Bhttl. p. 74 (1843); Ivx-h, Die I'llauz. p. lid, ti^s. 147--14S (1S")7); M^avbilk'), Uorae Ent nn. Sjc. Bussicae, xxxi, p. 276 (1898;. Siphoifip/iis' pihis rufi.t(bilominalis, Matsnmnra, Jl. Coll. Agr. Sap])ijro, \-ii, pt. (>, 3G3 (1917); TakaLashi, Apliididae of Formosa, 1, p. 43 (1921). Yuiiudaphis onj~ue, Matsniuura, Jl. .\gr. Sapporo, vii, pt. 0, p. 41:) (1917). YumniapMs pcqrivcris, Takahaslr, Apliididao of Formosa, 1, p. 39 (1921.) Bhopalosiphum p:qriveris, Takaliashi, Apliididae of Formosa, 1, p. 34 (1921) lu the aiith ir's opinion, Arcsha shi/komikovi Mordwilko (L.'S Pncerous des Gramine'es, 1, p. 54, 1921) seems to be a synonym of this species. Hosts iu Formosa. — Piiintis inuiaa ; l\ip%vcr somni/i-ntm : Onj-.a srdicn. Disti'ibntiou. — Formosa : Shinchikn, Tainau. Japan : Tokyo, Sapporo. Europe, North America, Java, Lidia., Vfrica, Auntraliii. Cavariella araliae Takah. Aphididae of Formosa— 1, p. 37, PI. xiii, 2, f. 1 (1921). Winged viviparous female. Boly without luiirs. Head with a lew very small luurs. Fron till tubercles absent. Autemiae short, 5 — jointed, imbricated, without hairs ; thi; ^rd joint provided with abjut 30 mostly large, cirtnilar sausjria scattered over the wh >lo length ; the 4th with a large, circular apical sensorium ; the relative length of joints as follows: III— (31, IV— 18, V— 45 (18 + 27). Bostrum reiM^hing beyond the middle legs. Wings normal ; liiud wings with 2 not parallel 3G EYOKIII TAKAriASIII: obliquas; siilicjstii of tlio foro \\iii;i: pruxiikvl with ubout G smitll seusji'Li on tlic ilLstiil liiilf; h')oklob5 :>. C'jiiiicles slender, a little shorter than the Lust i'jituuuiil jiint, 2.5 times ;is long as tbe tubercle ali3ve the aiuda, alnicst roachiiig tlie caiulal a]iox, rouf^hly imbricated, moderately diLited on the distill h'.lf, scavctcly dili'iod at the base, about 7 thuos as long as wide. Al>donien aliove the can la with a slender tnlwrcle, which is ahuost t\s long as tlie 4th antenual joint. Cauda normal. Legs slender, witli many moderately long sefcie. Length of iKjdy— 2.0 mm. .\ntoiiu:i — 1.0 mm. Cornicle — aK)ut 0.3 mm. The winged form ^v;us hitherto unknown. Cavariella neocaprae Takidi. Aphididae r)f Formjsa— 1, 0. 87, pi. ix. 1, figs. 10— 1(J (1921). Wingless viviparous fem;de. Green. Kyes black. Aiitoiniao pale gi'een, \\ith the distid hal\'cs dusky. Cornit^les, cauda and .nbdominal horn idnitst gi'eeu. Legs gi'ceu, fciisi dusk^". Body ol)long, without Lairs. Frontal tnbjrcles very slioi-t. Antemuic ratlier short, somewhat imbricated, 5 — jointed, without liaire ; the 3rd joint lac-king sensoria ; the 4th pro^•ided ^nth a rather large circular sensorium at the ajjex ; the rektive length of jomts as foUows : 111—57, 1\'— IG, Y— 38 (15H-23). Eyes not large, ocular tuUndes rather small. Kostnun idmost reacliiug the hind coxae. Cornicles long iind slender, somewluit imbricated, somewhiit dilated at the apical i^rtion, not dilated at the IwiSe, about 1.7 times iis long iis the bom above the cauda, but not reaching its a\)e\, as long jis the ord jintemuJ joint, nhuast tla-ice ius long as the cauda. Horn above the camLx long, txlmost 1.5 times as long as the cauda. Caudji stout, much l>roader tlum the coraicle, somcwhjit longer than wide, brojvdest at the base, narrowed toward the ajDex on the distal h;df, with 2 slight consti'ictious, the apex rounded, the lateral bristles sliort. Legs pro\ide>d with some set;uj ; liind fcusi almost as long iis tlte 4th anteimid joint. Lengtli of Iwdv — alx)ut 2.0 mm. Cornicle — about 0.4 mm. Antemia — 1.0 mu]. ArHIDID.i; OF FORJIOSA. ;-]7 Aphis malvoides v. d. Goot? C'outi'il). Fauu. Iuii. — I'diiiiosi : Tailmkii. JiiViv (v. (1. C;.) ; Sin!2;;iiX)ie {\. il. tJ.). HitliL'it. 1 iiijiocDiilocl li-i>iu I"(>ni;()S:i. Aphis nerii 1>i>.vli-. (ri. I\-, J'., li-s. 5 10). r> ivor, Ann. Ent. Sue. France, x, p. I(i7 (1S41) ; Tiietibakl, Bull. Eutoni. Res. iv, p. 3'2S (1914); vjiii dor (Ux^t, CMnh-ib. F:iuua Ind. Not-rliUid, I, iii, p. 101 (1917); Das Mouiohs lud. Mas., vi, -1, p. 204(1918); >roroira. Bull. Sue. r.iit. Fianio, pp. -i^C— 238 (1919). AVhij^lcs^ \ i\i]iai'oxi.s fouiale. Yellow. Aiitenn;u" liLirlc, witli the bases ])aler. Eves, (;omic-los and cauda l)l;X-k. L?j^s Mack, witli the li;i.ses (if femora yellowish. Body i!ro\ided 'nith a few li.-drs. Head witu sjiiio moderately long l);iitle3. Froiifcd tul)ereles very sliort. Auteuuao imbricated, the 3rd joint ■witli )n!: seiLSoria, proviJwl with aln^it 15 m xlerat.'ly long bristles ; the relative l.'ngth of joints as follows: 111—03, TV— 48, V -39, VI -79 (15 104). Roit:-nm reaclung tlio liind cxjXiR!. Frotliorax and the Jst ;uid 7th alxlomiuai segincuts with a very small lateral tubjrcle whieh is not sliar])!}- jwuitcHl. C'jrnieles Large and stjut, eylindrieal, some^luit diLited t owju'ds the bas.>, not curved, imbricatjd, almost tuiee jvs long ;us the cnud;!, much longer than tho Cth .-vntjniial j >int, reiwhing the middle of the oaiid;!,. Caud;'. st )Ut, with suae bristles. Legs long, with many nither long brisltes. Length of b idy -al)out 2.5 mm. Autouiui — 2.0 nnn. Cornick' ().7."> mm. Wi'.igcMl vi\ ifKirons female. YeHow. Heiwl bLukish brown. Auteima?, eyes, thorax, (lornieles and ciuid.1 bLick. Legs yellowi.sh brown, with the apices of femora and tibijw?, and fcirsi blu'k. Wings hvaline, stigma and veins giay. Alxloiucn with a black APIIIDID.^ OF FORMOSA. 39 luarkinn; :it the 1);iS() of tlio cornicle uud some small 1.)Uick patches ou the si(l(S. Head with some Iji'istles. Frontal tubercles almost alseut. Auteuuae imhricatecl, with a few short liriitles ; tlv3 3rd joint provided with about 12 oitculiu- seusoria of medium or rather larpe size distributed almost over the whole leEgth, not in a row ; tlu 4th with about 5 seusoria in one r(jw ; the 5th with the usual one ; the relative leuftth of joints as follows : III — 58, I^' —50, V— 38, VI— 85 (1(3—09). Ilostrnm reaching the hind coxio. La.teral tubercles of the body :is iu the wingless for.n. Cornicles cylindrical, much smaller than those of the wingless form, s;imewhat expanded at the base, imln'icated, not curved, aliuo^t twice as lo:jg as the caud'i, as l.iiig as or a little longer than the 3rd antennal joint, ni)t reaching the caudal apex. Cauda with many long bristles. Legs \ery long, witi; numerous moderately long brist'es. Wings normal; ol.)li(]ues on the hind wing parallel; hooklets 3. Length of body — ^2.0 nam. Antenna — 1.5 mm. Tore wing — 3.5 mm. Ho^t. — Asdepias curas-mvi: c Di-stributiou. — Formosa Tailn )ku. Java (v. d. G.) ; India (Das); Eur. >pe. Hitherto unrecorded from .Ta[ian. Collected liy Mr. E. Kurosaw;u My specimens differ fi-. )m thi.i-;e described by Mr. Swain iFniv. Cahtbrnia Pub. vol. 8, No. 1, p. 117, 1919) iu having seusoria on the 4tli antenual joint of the winged viviparous female. Aphis lilii Li< ht ? Lichtenst-'in, ilmw Aphid, p. 33 (1884) Wingle.ss vivifarous female. Blackish giTH?n. Eyes and cornicles black. AnteunM- pik^ brownish, apices of the 3rd, 4th and 5th jinnts and the 6th black. Cauda blackish gi-ec^n. Legs pale brownish, apices of femora very slightly dusky; apices of tibia?, and tarisi black. Body without hairs. Frontal tulurcles very short, slightly convex on the 4Q llYOKIIl TAKAHAsni: iuuor side. Autcu!i;c iuibric-utt-d, lacking liairs ; tlie 3i\l joint lac-kiug seusoria ; the relative length of joints as follows : III— 35, IV —23. V— 24, VI-^9, (13 — 36). Rosti-um reaching the hind cax». Prothorax and the 1st and 7th abdominal st^giuouts with a siuall lateral tubercle. Coruicles cylindrical, rather stout, shghtly broadened towards the base, not carved, imbricated, as long as the 3rd autenual joint, about 1.5 times as long as the cauda. Cauda a httlo longer than the hind taisi, with 3 pairs of very long lateral liristles. T.egs long ami slender, provided with many mixlei'ately long set:e ; hind tarsi almost as long as the base of the last anteunal joint. Length of body — about 1.5 mm. Antenna — 1.15 nun. Cornicle — 0.37 nun. Winged viviparous female. Blackisli given, lljdy lacking hairs. Antenna) imbricated, lacking hairs: the 3rd joint provided with () — 8 rather large or medium sized circular sensoria in one row over the whole length ; the 4th pr.:)vided with — 2 seusoria ; the 5th with tlu! usual apical sensorium ; the relative length of joints as follows : 111—39. IV— 32, V— 29, Al- oG ( 14 f 42). Rostrum reaching the hind caxrp. Protliorax and the 1st and 7th abdominal segment? each with a small lateral tubercle. Wings normal; hind wings with 2 parallel obliques; booklets 3. Cornicles cylindrical, slightly l)roadeu(>d at the base, imbricated, .slightly shorter than the 3rd anteunal joint, aliout 1.5 times iis long as the cauda. Cauda longer than the hind tarsi. Length of b xly — 1.3 mm. Antenna — 1.2 mm. Cornicle — 0.22 nun. Fore wing- — 2.4 mm. Host. — ZJIiuiii, spp. Distribution. — Formosa : Taih'jkn, Kiirun, Shiuchiku. Aphis species. (I'l. IT, A, lig. 10). Wingless viviparous female. Blackish green. .Vuteumc, eyes and cornicles black. Legs pile brown, apices of femora and tiljiiP, and tarsi dusky. AriIIDID.13 OF FOKMOSA. 42. Body oval, \\'itliout hairs. Frontal tul)ercle.3 very short, hnt the iuuer side somewhat developed, with a very small blunt tubercle. Auteunro im- bricated, lacking haii'.-^ ; the 1st joint slightly convex ou the inner side ; the 3rd without sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows : III — -51, IV — 29, V— 24, VI— 87 (13-1-74). Rjstrum stout, reaching beyond the the middle coxre. Prothoras and the 1st and 7th abdominal segments each with a very small lateral tubi^rcle. Coruiclo.3 very long and slender, slightly shorter than the 3rd antennal joint, cylindrical, imbricated except ou the distal portion, very slightly dilated at the base, almost 3 times as long as the cauda. Cauda niirmal in .shape, as wide as or more slender than the cornicle, very slightly longer than the hind tarsi, slightly consti'icted about the middle, pr<_)vided with 2 pairs of very long lateral bristles. Legs long, provided with many long bristles. Length of body — 1.5 mm. Antenna — 1.6 mm. Cornicle — 0.37 mm. Winged viviparous female. Autennro : the 3rd joint provided with 7 largo circular sensoria in a row over the whole length; the 4th with 1 — 2 similar sensoria; the oth with the usual one ; the relative length of joints as follows : III— 47, IV— 21!, V— 2:1, VI—? (12 + ?), Host. — 3Iariscus sp. Collected l>y Mr. E. Kurosawa in Octoljer 1920. (Taihoku). Aphis species. (Tl. in, A, fig.3. 9—10 & PL III, B, fig. 1) Wingless viviparous female. Green. Eves black. Autennre blackish, paler at the bases. Cornicles ]3ale brown, with the apices blackish. Legs pale gi-ayish green, with the apices of tibite, and tarsi very slightly dusky. Cauda green. Body oval, without hairs. Frontal tubercles almost absent. Autennro short, imbricated, Licking hairs ; the 3rd joint lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows : III— IS, IV— 13, V— 14, VI— 42 (10 + 32). llostrum very stout, reaching .a 42 UYOH'Ill TAKAllASllt: little liovoiul llie laiiUUo c'ox:o. lV);1y withmit ktwal tulorclcs. Coruicloj short jiiid nithor stout, very sliglitly imbricated, not roauliing tlio caudft, slightly or not curved, promiuontl}- coustricted at tlie tij), about 2.4 times as long as wido, 1.") tim(>s as long as the oanda. CauJa normal iu shajie, jis long as till' liind tai'si, i^rovidcd with 2 pairs of rather short Literal bristles. Legs stoiil; til>iie with some moderately loiig bri.stles ; hind tarsi .shorter th;ui the cornicles. Ijcngtii of b xly b2 mm. .Vntenu;i 0.7 mm. II sl^.- -LdUli'i radiani.s ; C'l^jJtrm irht. I )istribulion. — Formosji : Taihoku. It is needless to say tliat this is not a tyi)ical .-Ijiliis, l)ut it does not seem t > fit in other projxjsed genera. .\ wingless viviparous female was collected on tlie leaf of LohiJia radicans ill -Abirch 1921 .r.d some were found on tne leaves of ('ijpcrun iria iu October 1!)21. Cerosipha species. Wingless viviparous female. Chven, sometimes slightl%' \i'l]owish. .b'ves l)lack. .\.ntenna\ ctn'nicles ■•uid Cauda green. Legs green, tarsi .slightly dusky. Ltuly oval, without hairs, not pulverulent. Frontal tnb(>rcles ^■er^• slioit. .Antenuic v(>rv siiorl, imbricated, 5-jointed, lackiig hairs ; tlie :!rd joiid lacking sensorial tiie relative length of joints as lollo\\s: 111—22, IV— 12, Y- 23 (9fl4). Kostrum reacihing the middle coxa\ I'ody without lateral tul ercles. Cornicles cylindrical, rather stout, sliglitly tapering, very shghtly curved, almost as long .as the ilrd and 4lli antonnal joints taken together, alniest 1.5 times as long as the Cauda. Cauda stout, naicli broader than the cornicle, broadest at the hise and grandually tapering when seen from .above, 1.5 times as long jis wide, jn-ovided with '■'< jiairs of lateral bristles. Ilind ti'rsi much shorter than the canda. Tx>ngth of body —about 1.3 mm. Antenna; — 0..") nnu. JloaL - Artemisia aipillaris, athicking the leaf and stem. Distribution. — Formosa : Taihoku. ArniDID.E OF FORMOSA, 43 Cryptosiphum artemisiae Buckt. (PL Y, E, fig. 3) Buckton, Mouog. Br. ApLid. II, p. lU, pk LXXXIV (1877); Ilavikuid, Eiitoui. Mth. M:ig. LIV, tJ52, p. 202 1^1918;. Host — Aiicinisiii vvJg'ri.s \ar. htclivo. Distiibutiun. — Fonuosa : T.iibokn. Europe. Hitherto unvecorLled from Formosa. Brachysiphoniella gramini (TiikaL). (Pk YII, B, figs. 1—6) ApLkkdre of FormoKi — ], p. (i2, pk xiv, 1, figs. 5— G (1921). Winged viviparous female. Colour almost as iu tlie wingless fi>rm. Body, autenute, eyes, coruides, and caucLi blackish. Wiugs hy;iliue. Baly oljloug, without long hairs. Froutal tubercles very shoii. Eyes large. Auteiiuai rather sttnit, imbricated, without Lairs ; 3rd joint provided with al>out 15 — 22 rather large, protruding circiikir sensoria scattered over the whole length ; the 4th pr.jxided \\ith about K,) similar sensoria ; the oth with a rather small sensjrium near the distal end ; the relative length of joints alwut as follows : III— 21, lY— 18, Y— 18, YI— 3G (11+25). Kosti'um stout, not reaching the middle coxa?. Wings with the 3rd oblique twice forked and extending to the apex of the wing; hind wings with 2 somewhat divergent oljliques ; booklets 2 or 3. Abdominal segments provided with some very short hairs aiTaiiged transver.sely on the dorsum. Cornicles very short, scarcely imbricated, wider than long, broadened toward the base. Cauda verj' long, much longer than the cornicle, a little shoiier than the 4th antenna! joint, provided with son.e pairs of lateral bristles. Length of bodv" — about 1.4 mm. Antenna — about 1.0 luni. Fore wing — about 2.3 mm. Host. — Leersia he.vnndra. 44 nYOICIlI TAK.VUASUI: TJiis species is very uLisely allied tj Aplus s'phondla Essig et Kmv and it is pjssible tlukt tbe former may be a synonym of tbe latter. Callipterus kahawaluokalani iKirk.) Takuliuslii, Apliidid:o of Formosa— 1, p. 7-1 (19-21) Wiu<rsal tubercles as in the winged viviparous female. Cornicles a little shorter than wide, scarcely ciusti-ictid about midlength, shirter tuau the lateral tubercle on the 4th abdominal Si'gment. Length -if body — ali'mt 1.0 mm. Autenna — a1>jut 0.85 mm. Fore wing — 1.4 mm. Colkctod by the writer iu October 1921, in Taihoku. Wingless oviparous female. Yellow. Small tubercles on the dorsum, from which black capitate hairs arise, black. Head blackish. Eyes d;U'k br>)Wii. Antenna) pale j-ellow, with the di.'^tal halves of the 3rd, 4th and 5th j.ants, and the Cth black. Cornicles black. Caud.i \ellow. Legs pale yellow, apical halves of f>?mora and b;isal parts of tibi;i' dusky; tarsi yellow. Heatl provided with 2 pairs of very loug capitate hairs arising from small tubercles between the ant<.Mm:B and 4 similar hairs iu .a transverse row near the hind margin. Eyes protuberant, moderate iu size. Frot:d tnlicrclc>s ab-seut. Anteuuie without hairs; the 1st joint much shorter than the Laii-s ou tlu head; the 3rd slightly imbricated at the tip, without .sensoria; the r.lativ length of j.)iut5 as follows: HI— 23, IV— 13, APHIDID-E OF FORMOSA. 45 Y — 16, YI — 27 (15 + 12). llustriim reacliiog the iiiiJdle oosa'. rrouotum pro^'ided A^'ith ;i pair oi very liJDg capifcxte hairs arising from siuall tubercles .it tlie middle of the dorsum and 4 similar hairs iu a transverse row near the hind margin ; nieso-and metauotum with 4 similar capite hairs arranged in a trausveree row. The 1st, 2ud, 3rd and 4th abdominal segments each provided with 4 capitate hairs arising from small tubercles in a ti-ausverse row on the dorsum ; the 5th, 6tli and 7th segments with a pair of similar hairs at itid- leugth of the dorsum ; the Sth witli a pair of long normal bristles, which are not black, on the dorsum. All the capitate hairs oii the head, thorax and abdomen sutequal iu length. Cnrnicles as iu the viviparons form. Cauda slightly coastricted. Anal plate large, rounded, not liil()bed, provided with many long bristles. Legs Anth many bristles ; hind tiliia? rather thick, provided with many rather small circular seusoria ; tarsi ucirmal iu leugth. Length of body — about 1.3 mm. Autenua — 0.75 mm. Collected iu November 1921 in Taihoku. Host. — Lcujvrstrce'iiiia s]j. Eutrichosiphum minutum u. sp. ^^'iugless viviparcius female. Shining black. CV'ruicles black. Head yellowish brown. Bod's- pro- vided with man}- very long bristles A\hich are not capitate. Head with many long bristles. Frontal tubercles very short. Anteuufe short, 5-jointed; the 3rd joint provided with about 8 very L.mg bristles, ■s\ithout sensoria ; the 4th very slightly imbricated, with 4 long 1 ristles, the apical sensorium circular and rather large ; the Sth provided with 2 bristles ; the relative length of joints as follows: HI— 40, lY— 22, Y— 55 (17 + 38). Ocular tubercles promiueut. Fuistrum reaching beyond the hind cox». Pro- uotum fused with the head. Spiracles not protuberant, Abd^imeu almost circular. Cornicles short and stout, as long as the last autenual joint, prominentlv dilated at midlougth, uoiTowest at the tip, 4 times as long as wide, vd\.\\ many long l)ri3tles. Caudal segment not produced into a process. Legs with some lone; liristles. 46 nVOICUI TAK.UfASHI: L'jiigth of body — l.ti mm. Antiiiiia — 1.0 mm. Cornicle — 0.45 ram. Wiugod viviparous female. Autenua\ ooriiicles and stigma black, ^'eill.s dark brown. Boly provided with many long bristles. Head with a pair of very short, Ijhuit tubercles on the front which is jirovided with many longer bristles. Frontal tubercles very short. Antenuit) 5-j)iutel; tlio .3rd joint provided with about 10 ver\- long bristles and only 2 circular nr oval, usually large sonsoria io a lougitucUnal row on the basal half; the -Itji somewhat imbricated, with 5 very long bristles; the relative hnigth of joints as follows : III— GO, R'— 32, V— ? (18 ^ ?). ii ostrum reaching lioyoud the hind coxa?. Head and pronotum well defiued. The '2nd ol)li([ue curved; the .3rd oblique; twice forkel; stigmatic vein almost sh'aight ; hhid wings with 2 not parallel obliques ; booklets .3. Cornicles long and slender, somewhat dilated on the distal two-thirds, longer tliau the 3rd anteunal juint, alxnit 8 times as long as wile, with many vei'y long bristles which are longer than those on the remainder of the body. Cauda without a prijcoss. Legs with some long Ijristles. Length of l)ody — 1.() nnn. Corfiicle — 0.(j mm. 1 lost. — Tr/ichclosperiauin Jfisminoidcs. Disti-lbution.^ — Formosa : Kagi, Kwaushirei. Tliis apliis is very common in ^larch. Dilachnus species. ^\'ilJgle-s viviparous female. Dill'ers h-om Lilac/mus f^p. (.V])]iididac! of Ft)rmo3;i — 1, p. 82, 1921) as follows : (1) IVidy much larger, measuring about 4.5 njin. in length. (2) .\ntcunae provided with some slurt setie ; the 5th joint with 2 chciilar wusoria near the apex; tlie lelative length of joints as follows: III — 92, IV— 41, V— 11, YI— ? (3) Hairs on the legs shorter. Al'IIIDID-i: OF FORMOSA. 47 (4) The second t:u"s;il joint niLitivoly shorter. Host — Finus s}}; :itt;ickin!j; the yonug shoot. Distribution. — Formosu : Shiuten near Taihoku. Two specimens were collected l)y the author on Mavch 15, 1922. Dilachnus piniformosanus "• sp. Dilachnus species, Takahashi, Aphidid;i3 of Formosa, part 1, p. 82 (1921). Ixichmsjnni, Maki. i^mtmMsmm^'^^-''^ OsA'C) V- 35, pi. VI, A. Wirgod viviparous female. Dark brown. Body uval, covered with many long rather tine haii-s. Head divided. Eyes protuberant; ocular tubercles very small. Auteuni-o with many very long bxii-s ; the 3rd joint provided with 7 — 10 protuberant circular sensoria of medium or large size arranged in one row over the whole length except the basal porti(.)ii ; the 4th with 2 sensoria ; the 5th with a sensorium near the apical one ; the relative length of joints nearly as follows : III — 35, IV — V-), V— 20, rV— 12. Rostrum reaching beyond the hind cax». Wings hyaline; stigma large and stout ; the 1st oblique on the fore wing almost straight ; the 2ud curved ; the 3rd faint, twice forked ; stigmatic vein .almost straight, reaching the tip of the wing ; hind wings with 2 divergent oliliques ; houklets 5. Cornicles on hairy cf " montana-iyY.e " of v. d. Goi it. Head fused with the prothorax, prm'ided with a few bristles. Eyes \-ery small, coujposed of 3 facets. Antenna} \ery short, 4- jointed, witli a few bristles, the 3rd joint with a very small apical sensorium ; the relative length (if joints as follows ; III — 15, IV — 15. Hornlets almost as long as or sh(.)rter than the 2ud auteuual joint, roiuided at the apes, llostrum very st<:>ut, not reaching the midlle coxa\ Cornicles \oYy short, much wider thau long, sti'iate, expanded toward thhe base. Cauda much wider than 1( mg, constricted at the base, provided with some long bristles. Anal pkte bilofed, with soiue loug bristles. Legs provided \\ith some 59 liYOIiIlI TAKMIASni: rathei" long bristles; liiuil tarsi longer tli:ui tlu; Ijnl autouual jiint, provided with a few very long capitate haii-s. Length of bod)- — about 1.4 luru. Antenna — about nuu. Wax-pjres large, circular, (hstributed as in Orcfjma moniatia v. d. Goot ; number of lateral pores in one group iis follows: prothorax — 5 — G, mesothorax 9—10, metathoras 5 — 6, the first abdominal segment 3, the 2nd abd. 3, the 3rd abd. -Ir— .3, the 4111 abd. 5, the 5th ab 1. 3, the 6th abd. 5, tlie 7th abd. 6 ; number of doi-sal pores in one gi\)up as follows : head 5, prothorax 3, mesothorax 8—9, metathorax 4, the 1st abd. 3—4, the 2ud abd. 3—4, the 3rd abd. 4—6, 4th abd. 3, the 5tli obd. 2 ; the 8th abd. 8 in a group ou the middle of the dorsum, (se^ I'l. IX, A, %. 2j. Host. — Pard'-ura paiens. DLsti'ibution. — Formosa: Taihoku, Urm. Oregma bambusicola Takah. (PI. Vin, A, fig. 3 k PI. IX, B) Aphidida' of Formosa— I, p. 8J (1921). Wiugles.s viviparous feniide. Dark purple or purplish black. Ju the specimen treated with caustic p:)tash, head and prouotum browuish, mesouotum with 4 large brownish patches, metauotaiu and the 1st abdominal segment with some brownish p:itc]ies which are irregular in shape. Body Soft, oval, conspicuously convex on the dor.sum, provided with uumoroui very small wax poi'es, which are iiTCgular in sliai^e, as in Aleuro- diph'm lluintce v. d. Goot; very slightly coveral with w;ixy secretions, fm'nished with some moderately long hail's. Head fused with the prothorax. Horns rather slender, almost as long as or a l.ttle longer than the 2nd autonnal joint, rather sharply pointed. Eyes compused of 3 facets. Autjnn:e provided \\itli a few long hairs ; the 3rd joint lacking sensoria; primary sensoria very small; the relative length of joints jus follows: HI— 38, IV— 27, V— 35. liustrum almost reaching the middle coxjB. Cornicles very short, much wider than long. Cauda much wider than long, wider than the lobe of the aniil plate, striata, soxewhat coiistrict3d at ArlllDID.l-: OF rORMOSA. 51 tlie lust", jiroviJcl with uviiiy liiiiry mluute ; the relative leiigtli of juiuts as follow : T— (i, 11^7, III— IS, 1\'— 14. Ilovulets almost as loug :is the 1st iuitemial joint, siiarply p)iutcd. Eyes eomposcd of 3 fiicets. Kosti'um very short, rejiyfhiug a little Ixsyoiid tlu> fi'out legs. Cornicles represented :ihm)St as pores. Anal pLite bilolKxl. Cauda consti'ietcd at the l)ase. Legs with some bi'istks. A\'ax- plates well develoi)ed, cu-cuLir ; lii^ad Licking wax-plates ; each thoriicic and abdominal s(>graent with al)ont 5 — 10 wax-pL-itt-s iu .-i givnip on aui^i side; the Sth alflominal segment with alxnit 20 wax-plates at the middle of the dor.suia. Length of l>)dy — 1 fi-j miu. Antenna— 0.4 mm. Host. — AiihraoMii dUorio '.' Distiibution. -FonnoS(_> : Taihokn, Kw.-mshirei Oregma montaua ^;'n dei- (ioot. C.-ntrib. Etuna InJes Nevrkiud. 1, o, p. 20-5 (I'JIS) Host. — Bimibusa nana. Iljsti'il uitii >n. — Formosa : Urai. Tlitlu-rto um'ecorded fi'om Formosa. Cieuus Astegopteryx K^a-sch. Syu. Xi/,jin,iij,Ji;.s Ptrgande, 190(j. Svlii:oiieiii\iphis v;m der Gcxit, 191(3. Tlioro) ipldfi v.-m der GcKit, lOlG. The g( nus Xijipouuphis Wiis considered l>y Dr. Baker i\s 1)eiug a SATiomin of Adcijiip'crij.r. SchhoTKuraphis van der Cioot \\:ls coiLsiderinl by Dr. B;ikor ArHU>Ui.li OF FUKMOSA. 53 iiud tlio aiitli.>r (Bull. Bn. >ldyn Eutjin. S.>c. sv, 4, p. 11.1, 1920) as a syuonym of Nipponuplils. TIjc geuiis Thoracaphls is composed of tho aptov.jus viviixivuus females of ^lblr'joii!rr;/x and it must Ik; considered as teiug a syuom'm of tho latter. The m;J(S aud ovipai'ous feiuales and also tlie gall-iubabitiug vivipanjiis females of Adi'ijopkry c are not jiltyTodiform, being provided with well developed legs and r. >sh'nm, but tlio wuigl(-ss viviparous females which do ni:)t live in galLs are ;ile}Todi''orm, witliont well developed legs, eye? ;ind anteuniw, Ix-ing cemented to the Lost. In Formosa live spcics, A. iiiui-'-irdi Takah., A. yiijoifriiin Takah., A. fiel u. sp., A. sf;jr<(rojjhthi, Kai'. and A. sfi/rnciroht Takah., are now kno I )WU. Astegopteryx styracicola Takah. Apbididao of Formosa— 1, p. 91 (1921). ^\'ingtd viviparous fem;:ile. Bodj^ oblong, without secretions. Head moderate in size, lacking horns. One of the ocelli situated on the front. Eyes large, ocuLu' tulxn-cles very small. Froufail talx-rcles absent. Aut<.nna.e ralher slender; sens iri.a dishlbuted ns follows: in — 17. . . .23, IV — 6. . . .9, Y — 5. . . .7 ; the primary sensa-ium of the 5th joint very small; the relative length of joints as follows: HI — 75, TV — 26, Y — 23. Kosh-um ncjt rea-liiug the middle coxae. Thorax norn..al. The 1st and lud obliques united at their Iwisos, slightly curved; the 3rd oncG f(,>rked, obsolete at the liase ; hind •\\ing -with 2 divergent (.>bliipies; booklets 2. Abdomen jDrovided with a few niod(.Tately long Iji-istles. Cornicles very short, scarcely protruding. C'aucki slmrt, much wider than long, Imjadest at the base, with some bristles. Anal plat*! scarcely bilijljed. Li^gs slender, with some setae; hiud tarsi almost as long as the 4th anteund joint; tho 2nd tarssil joint with 2 rery long c.ipit.ite hairs. Length of body — 1.55 mm. Antenna — about 0.(j5 miii. Fore wing — about 2.5 mm. Host. — Sti/nrc formomivuii, pr.xlucing galls. Dish'ibution. — Fornnsi : Kannou-z^n. 54 KYOICIII TAKAIUSIII: Aste^opteryx styracophila K.uscli? (PI. VIII, J 5, f^'s. 7 -12) iVr. (I.iitsc-h l]nt. (i(~4., V. S, ]!. 52 (1890). ^\'ill^('\vli:i.t binw iiisli. ^Vill^■^ almost liyaliiu- ; stiY^ma sent. One of the ocelli sihuitx-d on tlie front. Autemuie somewluit stout; the 3rd joint with about 20, the 'ith 8 — 9, the 5th 8 annulatious ; the primary stnisorimu of 111" 5th snuill, somewhat protrudinji; ; tlu! relative length of joints jus follows: 111—50, 1\' 21, V — 21. IiostTum very short, not reiiehiug the middle cosixe. 'ITio-.v-A noruiil. A\'iiigs carried !lat when at rest; subeosbi of the fore wing providiil with 5 wry small circular .sensoria airanged in one row at the base and i.b 'lit 10 small S(msoi'ia almost along the wholi; length, and some short biistles jav jnuseut ; the 1st mid 2nd oblin October Ifi, 1922, by Uv. J. Sonan. Hitherto umiconUd from Fornio.sa. This sjiecies dilVers from A. uli/mvifoli' Takah. in the chiU'acters lus follows ; (1) .Vn'.emiae more stout. Al'UIDID.E OV FORMOSA. 55 (2) Ihe 5th ;iiik>im:il j.>iut sli-litlv Invj-yv tluiu the -Ith. (3) Au:il plato bilobcd. Astegopteryx fici n. sp. (PL \'I, B, il^. 10—13) Winged viviiwnius foiuiile. Bliick. Ejos, tintiiuiuM?, thorax aud caudii bkck. Legs ahnost bkic-k. Whigs shghtv dnsky ; stigma palo gray; snl)C03ta 1 Lv.'k ; vcius Imjuiiish. Body wide, without wax-plates. H<'ad siuall, lacking honis. Eyes large, with snuJl ocuLa- tuljercles. AntBuiuio short, the 3rd joint jrrovided with 29, the 4th 7 — 9, the 5th 3 sc usoria ; tho relative leugth of jjiuts as follows : III — 70. IT — 19, V — 11. Iiostnim very short, not reaching the iiiidd. L Marcli. The wingless forms are alc3Todiform, ceir:ented to the leaf, aU'l pn)\ided with some white was on the miu'gin of the body. Li my opinion Thontniphis v. d. (loot is the wingkss form of .^.s/'v/oji^ccy.?;. Paracletus cynodonti (Das) (.ri. VI, B, figs. ()— 8). Pemphifjns'/ cijiiodonii, Das, Mem. Indian Mus., vi, p. 153 (191S). Paradclus c/ptodonti, Takahashi, Ai)hidid;w! of Formosa. — I, ]>. 97 (1921). 5(5 nVOKlJI TAKMI\sni: AViiij4;t'(l vivipiii'ons ft'iiiiJc. Yi'Uuw. IL'jid, fvis, autcuuiiu itud tlntfiix bljick. Lfj^^ blcK-.k, p;xler at the Ixiscs of foinoni. Winji-vciiis iuiil stiymii gi'ay. Bis sp., attacking the leaf. Distribution: Formica: Taihoku, Urai. India. Forda species- Wiiigkss viviparous fem;de. Yellowish gTeen. Hc^iwl, (\ves, antennjie, ;uid legs dusky or pjiJo gray. IJody oval, Sift, Luking hairs. Ueavl rather small. Eyes comi»sod of three facets. -Vntomiae very short, o — jointed, lacking hau-s ; apical sensorium of the -Ith joint almost cii'cular and of medium size; the 5th joint some- what imbricat«d: tlie relative length of joints iis follows: I — 7, 11 — 9, EQ — 13, rV^ — 6, V — 18. liosh-um not reaching the middle coxiie. Wax plates not well devcOoixMl. Cornicles al)sent. Cauda very short, broally rounded. L<'gs slenilt-r, ])iovidicl with a few very shirt hairs; hind tai'si almost as long ArHIl)Il\T3 OF FORMOSA. 57 a-s the 5tb autouual joint. Leugth of body — about 2.0 mm. Auteuna — alwiit O.oS mm. Host plaut. — S'dvla unlhriai/dia K. BC. attacking the root. Distiibutiou. — Formosa : Tailiokn. Many wingless forms were colk'ct».:d by Mr. H. Sneta on April 9, 1922, uear Talhokii. The genus ForJa is uow t) Japan and F(jrmosa. 58 KVOICIII T.VKAII.V.SIU: Descriptions of some new or little-known Japanese AphiJida:. Akkaia polygoni Takuh. (I'l. Ill, A, %.s. 2~^) Iiisuct Wmia, (iifii, Jupuii, xxiii, No. 2«8, p. iiO. (1919). A\'iiigIo3S viviparous female. Yellow or (>raiigo-}-el]o\v. Auteuuas aud legs pale yellow. Y.yc^ rod. C'oniiflos, Cauda and aual plate concolorous with the body. Body oblong, rather depressed, broadest at midlength of the aldomeu, without hail's. Frt)nbil tubercles very large, aln.ost as loug as the 2ik1 auteimal joint, with a proininout tutei'cle ou the inner side, which is aliuost as long ius the 2nd auteunal joint, slightly curved towards the auteuiia, rounded at the apex, provided with a few very shcjrt, slightly knobbed seta;>. Anttmnaa veiy short, 5-joiuted, somewhat imbricated, without hairs; the Ist joint juuch larger tiiaii the 2nd, imbricated, with a short, stout blunt tubercle on the inner side; the Srd lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows: III — 51, VI — • li), ^' — 26 (14-1-12). lijsti'um roacking the middle coxa>. Abdomc^n not reticulated on the dorsum, lacking lateral tuberclcMS ; the 7th segment with a jiair of \ov\ small l)lunt tubercles at the middle of the dorsum, the Sth segment with a small tubercle at the middle of the dorsum, this is a littlj longer than those on the 7th segmeiit. Coruick^s ver^- large, projecting hori- zoiitidly backwards beyond the caudal apex, somewhat imbricated and cm'ved, brodest near the base, gTadually tajxiriug, norrowest at the tip; almost as long lis the 3rd, 4th and 5th antennal jjint^ together, about 3.5 tinies as long as the cauda. Cauda somewhat knobbed, witii 2 pairs of short lateral biistles. Anal plate very Li'ge, projecting, re;ichiiig the middle or lieyond the tiji of the Cauda. Legs slender, with some rather short set;e, tiu'si normal. Length of bodj" — 1.9 mm. Antenna — ^O.C5 mm. Cornicle — 0.5 mm. Host— Po///r/o/(?(/;t t/iUiihciyjii '.' Distribution. — Japan : Tokyo (Megmo). Thus aiihis is not unconnuon near Tokyo in June and July, sometimes A PHI DID Ji OF FORMOSA. 59 occurriug in abuiidauce cm tbo iip^^er surlace of the leaves ami tlie sfcilks. Tlie winged forms tiro qiiitj rare, having never been observed. Aphis sambuci L. Linuc, Syst. Nat. I, II, p. 734 (17(37) ; Kalteubacli, Mono. Pflauzl. p. 83 (1843); Kocb, Die Tflauzl. p. 83, figs. 111—112 (1877); Buckton, Mouog. Br. Aphid, ii, p. 99, pi. LXX, figs. 1—4 (1877) ; Kcssler, Nova Acta der Ksl. Leop. — Carol. Deutsclieu Akd. Nat. XLYII, 3, p. 135 (1884); Mordvilko, Biol. Ceutralbl. p. 811 (1907); Matsunuira, Jl. Coll. Agi'. Sapporo, Japan, vii, C, p. 358 (1917) ; Takahashi, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soe. vii, 2. p. 199 (1919) and Zool. Mag. Tokyo, xxxii, No. 380, p. 197 (1920). syn. yfj;///.s S'Dnlvcifolke, Fitch, Cat. Homop. N. Y., p. GG (1855) ; Thomas, llliuois, St. Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 2, p. 13 (1878) ; Sanborn, Kansas Univ. Sc. Bull. .'!, p. 52 (1904) ; Swain, Univ. Calif. Bub. Bull, iii, i, p. 123 (1919). A\lngles3 \i\iparou3 female. Blackish green. Eyes, cornicles and Cauda black. Antenna' black, slightly paler at the base of the 3rd joint. Legs black, paler at the bases of femora. Heal provided with some moderately or rather long fine hairs. Frontal tulercles absent. Antenna) stout, imbricated, with some long fine hairs ; the 3rd joint without seusoria ; the relative length of joints almost as follows : HI— 54, lY— 35, V— 32, VI - 57 (17 + 40). Rostrum reaching the middle coxa>. Prothoras with a large, stout blunt tubercle on each side, abdomen with 5 rather large blunt liiterid tubercles which are smaller than those on the thorax. Abdominal segments provided \\ith some short hairs ou the dorsum. Cornicles cylindrical, very long and slender, imbricated, almost twice as long as the antennal spur-, reaching the apex of the cauda, somewhat dilated towards the Ijase, sUghtly curveil, thrice as long as the cauJa. Cauda stout, with many long hairs. Gonapophyses 4. Legs stout, provided with many long fine hairs. Length of body — 2.8 mm. Antenna — 1.5 mm. Cornicle — 0.6 mm. GO KVOICIII TAKAH.VSJII: "Winged \i\ip:a'ou3 femalo. IIcjul, eyes, laesotliovax, cornicles unci canda black. Antenna} black, paler at tlje ba^e of the Srd joint. ProtLorax aud abdomen l)lackish gi-eeu. Legs aliucst black, paler at the bixses of the fore femora. Wings hyaline; stigma aud veins gray. Head provided ■with some rather long fine hairs. Antermro stout, imbricated, pro\ided with some long fine hairs ; the 13rd joint provided ^\■ith 26 —30 largo or small circular seusorifi scattered over the whole length ; tlio 4tli witli 12 — 14, the 5tli 15, similar seusoria ; the relative length of joints .•IS follows : m— 3o, IV— 26, Y— 23, VI— 50 (13 |-37). Kostran reaching tlio middle coxic. Prothorax with a large, stout, bhmt lateral tulxircle, abdomen with 5 similar, but smaller, tubercles ou ejich side, those on the 1st segment largest. Wing-veins normal ; hind wings with 2 almost pandlel obliques ; li(X)klets 4. Cornicles cylindrical, slender, shorter tliau those of the wingless lonn, almost as lc:)ng as the s])ur of the last autennal joint. Length of body^2.5 mm. Antenna — 1.6 mm. Fore wing — 2.8 mm. Cornicle — 0.45 mm. Hosts. — S'-Onbucus raccmosa ; Sunihucui thunhenjiamt. Distiiljution. — Japan : Tokyi) ; Sapporo. lOunjjxj ; North America. In Aphis samhuci, the winged forms usually appear in the 2nd, 3id, 4th and otli generations and the sexupariC, the males being also winged. As is well known, almost all aphids occasionally show same abnormality of wing- venation. Jn hiv experience with this species the abnormal forms occur in about 16 per cent in the wild specimens of the 2nd generation, iu 75 per cent ill the sexupanr, etc. The data concerning these points axe given in the follo\\ iug L-ible : 1 Noniml . Abnormal | ^tnonSal 2nil goneriilion 85 19 1G% 3r.l 'ii 3 IVi 4th IG 2 11/0 Scxiipnrro 11 30 75% >rjiu-s (1, I 1 .,ox Al'mi'ID-E (IF FOIIMOSA. (]{ The sexupavfo show a greater tendeuc}- tj be abuonuul thau do the females of other generations and the males. These insects are not good fliers ; the sexiiparw, especially, do uot fly as a rule, and the wings are not used in flight, the veins consequently tending 'to degenerate. The majority of the abnormalities are in the 3rd oblique on tlie fore wiugs as is common in other plant-lice. These obsen-ations were made near Tokyo during 1919. Aphis horii u. sp. (PL Y, A, figs, 7— S ^-, PL V, B, fig. 4) AViugless vivi]3arons female. Dark green. Head, antenna?, cornicles, cauda, anal plate and legs almost black. Eyes lirowu. Thorax with black spots and j^atchos on the dorsum. Abdomen with 2 black bauds behind the cornicles. Bod}" broad, with some short hairs. Head pniTided with many moderately long fine hairs. Antenua> short, stout, imbricated, provided with moderately long fine hairs ; the 3rd joint lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows : HI — -62, TV — 46, V — 39, \1 — 6(3 (22 -l- 44). llostrum reaching beyond the middle coxae. Prothorax with a large lateral tubercle which is short, stricat<'rcle on the underside. Kostrum not reaching the middle cox.k'. The 1st obhque of fore wings almost sti-aight ; th(? 2nd s .mewluit curved; huid wings with 2 slightly divergent obhques ; ho )klet? 3. Abdomen on the middle of the doi-sum with (J paks of very small bluut tubercles, which are subequ.il in size, APHIDID.E OF FORMOSA. (53 juid 5 very small bluut tiilicrcles in frout of the cornicle. Cornicles ;i little longer than wide, somewhat constiictL~d alwut midlengtli. Cauda globular, a little wider tliau each lobe of the anal platt^ Avhich is deeply bilobed. L(>gs very long aul slender, provided with ninuerons moderately or rather long bristles on the disfcd half of the tibia. Length of bxly — 19 mm. Antenna — 2.G.5 mm. Fore wing — 2.5 mm. Host — Bmahusa sp. Disti-ibutoiu.- — .Japan : Shikoku (Uwajima"!. North America. Hithei'bi um'ecordcd fi'om Japan. Collected by ]\L'. 8. Knwayama in March 1919. Myzocallis yokoyamai n. sp. (PI. m, A, figs. 5—2) AViuged vivipai'ous female. Green. Head yellowish green, slightly dusky. Eyes almost white. Rjstinnu pale yellow, with the tip black. Ant.iuuao pale yellowish, with the apices of the joints black. Mesothorax brownish. Dorsal tuljercles on the thorax green. Abdomen provided with 3 pail's of finger-like tnlx'i-cles, of which the first is green and the other two ai'e black. Cornicles and cawla almost x^ale yellowish gi-een. Wings along the 1st and 2ud obliques shghtly clouded ; veins pale brown, blackish at the bases of the obliques; stigma dusky. Fore femora almost colourless, but the middle femora x^iile gi-een, slightly dusky at midlength, and the hind pan- bkck, with the biises pale gi-een and the apices paler ; tibiae ptile brownish ; tarei black. Body oblong. Head provided with 2 i^au-s of very long capitate haii's arising fi-om small tulxTcles U^bvcen the itutenua a pair of short similar haii-s behind these long ones, and 4 very short simiLu' ones ai'aauged in a transvei-st; row ncai' the hind margin. Frontal tuliercles very shoii. Ej'es Lirgc, pr(jtul)er:mt. Antenniie slender, provided with a few very short capitate biii-s ; the Isfc joint shorter than the longer capititte hail's on the head ; the 3rd somewhat imbricated on the apicid portion, provided witli 8 or 9 circuLu' sensoria of (Jl KYUK lU TAKAHASni: iiK'diuiu (ir nitliiT luvfi;!' size in n siuglo ivnv on tlw; bii.s:il fdur-fiflhs ; tlio 4tli lacldug soasoi'ia ; tlu' ivlutive leujitli of jiints ;ts follows: Llf — 104, IV — 58, V — 52, YI — 6S (•2() f4'2). llostrnm not rcachiug tbo luiddlo eoxiK\ Prouotniu provided with some short t;ipit;ito liuii's, jiud n pjiir of modonik^ly largo finger- like tiilnTcles ;it the Middle of the dorsum, which nn; furnished with 2 long cjipihito liaire. j\Iesothoiiix prodded with iiuiuy moderat*}ly loug or rather short capitate hail's. Sal)costji of tlu; front wiug l.-uiking seiLSoria ; stigma fiumshod with a few veiy short hail's in one vow near the Iuik] margin; the 1st oblique of the fi-oiit wiug almost straight; the '2nd straight or somewhat siuiutod ; the lird normal. Alxloiueu providtxl with 8 pail's of Lai'ge finger-like tubercles, which iije siil>e(]iial in size and are anuiKl with '2 or l> c;ipitate luiii's, at the middle of the doi-suiu near th(> bas(\ snue very small lilunt tubercles on the sides, and fcome long and short bristles. t\irnii-les ^•ery slightly consti'icted about njidleugtli, broiidest at the base, almost twice as long as wide at thi' middle. Cauda globnLir, almost as loug jis the loU^ of the ana! plate, provided with sumo loug bristles. Aual pltite luodemti'lv bilolied, with mam" loug bristles. Logs slender, providwl with iLUUiV rather long bristles, s )me of which are kuolAxid. Length of lx)dy — about 2. "2 mm. Antenna — 2.1 mm. Fon^ wing — alwut 3.0 mm. Hi )sts. — Que reus sjK'cies. Distribution • — Japan (^ Tokyo, Taka )\ This sjjecies is closely ivlatetl to S(.>me J/v/~ot«/(/* descriliecl by Dr. Matsu- innra, and it may i>oS3il>ly Ixj a syuou^'m of one of his sjxx'ies. Near Tokyo the egLjs hatch in the middle of .Vpril, the adults of the fii-st geueration apjx'aring at the lv>ginning oi iNlay. All the vivipirous feiu!il« of each generation are wiuged as is comuiou for the C'alUpteriua. (.'ollcvted b\ Mr. K. Yokoyama and the nutlior. Myzocallis quercicola (Mats.) an. n, B, fig. 1) AanitlifxoJlis qwixicdo, Matsumura, Jour. Agi'. Coll. Sap^xjiX), ^ii, pt. C, p. :j(JS ,l'.)17). APruDiD.E OF KororosA. Go Wiii!j;f medium or rather hu'ge size in a row at the base; the -Ith imbricated, lacking sensoria ; the relative length of joints as follows: IH— 9(5, W— 82, V— S3, VI— 100 (39 f (51). lljstrutu not reaching the middle coxiio. Thorax and abdomen jjrovided w^ith Suae long stout bristles, arising fi'om \er3- s.nall tulxTcles, lacking larger tiil)ercles. Wings r.ither uaiTow ; the 3rd (iblii]ne twice forked, stigmatic vein not ol)Solete, sh'ghtly curved, stigma wide, Im^vided with 2 or 3 seusoria ue;u' the biise ; hind wings ^vith 2 parallel obliques ; booklets 3 or 4. Cornicles liU'ge, stout, alx)ut 1.8 times as long as the cauiLi, often moderately swollen about the middle, naiTowed on the distal p;)rtion and at the base, sometime^ not ujuTowed at the bast?, somewhat curved, somewhat imbricated, abt»ut 2.5 times ;is limg as wide. CanJa consti'icted at niidlength, with the distal half almt)st globuLu', provided with :! paii-s of lateral bristles. Anal plate hardly indented. Legs provided with uimierous short hau-s ; fi-ont fcuDra very stout, tarei normal. Length of Injdy — alwut 1.7 mm. Antenna — alwut 2.4 mm. Fore wing — alwut 2.7 mm. Al'IlIDID.i: OF FORMOSA. 07 Hits': — Acer sj}., :itt:ickiug tlio leaf. Dish'iljutiou. — Japau : Tokj-o (Mitxjsliirocho, Kauda) Cjllcfted Ijy the antbor iu August, 1918. Astegopteryx japonica n. sp. Wiugoil vivi[>aiMus I'ciuak'. Piuk. Body obkjiig, witlinut kail's. ILnd without lioi'ulcts. Eyes vciy lai'ge, with small ocuLir tubercles. Auteiiuae short, striate ; the ord joint provided with 14 — 16 amiiilatious, regularly arrauged ; the Itli with 1 — C> siiuilai" seusoria ; the 5th with 4 similar seusoria ; the relative length uf joints as follows : III — 30, IV — 15, Y — 19. Rostrum reaching Ijeyoul the luiddle coxae. The 1st and '2nd c;)bliques i_>f the tV)re wing almost united at their bases; the 2nd slightly curved; the 3rd once liranched, oljsulete at the base; subcosta provided with 4 or 5 very minute seu.5.>ria in a single row on the distal haV ; stigma liickLug seusoria ; hind wings mth 2 somewhat divergent obliques ; booklets 2. Cornicles typical. Cauda consti'icted at the base, wit!i some long bris'des. Anal plate biloted. Legs provided with so.lc moleratcly long fine haire ; hind tai'si almo t as long as the 4th auteimal joint, with 2 very long capitate fine hau-s. Length of body — about 1.5 mm. Auteima — 0.47 nun. Fore wing — 2.3 mm. Host. — Ranunculus sp. ? ?, not producing galls. DLstiibution. — Japau: Tokyo (Ikegami) Collected liy the author on the leaves of the h. Eutrichosiphiun pasaniae (Okaj.) Trichosiphum x>((sani(ie, Okajima, Bull. Agi'. CoH., Tokyo Imp. Univ. viii 1, p. 5 (1908). Eutnchosiplaim pasaa'utc, Essig and Kuwana, Proc. California Acad. Sj. 4th ser, viii, 3, p. 97 (191s). Hosts — -Fasania cuspiduta, Quercus spp. Distribution. — Japan : Tokyo. Loochoo : Iriomote. 6g EYOICHI TAK.MLVSni: Mr. Souiiu collected some wingless vivipai-oiis females in tlie Island, Iriomote, Loochoo, on March 30, 1922. Hitherto uuercordetl from Loochoo. Tlio sjx>chuens from Loochoo exactly agree with those from Japan. ArUIDID.TS OF FORMOSA. QQ Field observations on some Aphididse in Formosa and Japan. The observations of the followiug p;xgo3 were made by the author near Tokyo from 1916 to 1920 and near Taihoku from 1920—1922. Macrosiphum gobonis Mats. (Host plants) Ardium lappa : only the nuder snt'aces of the leaves are attacked, the injury uot being severe. lu Japan this species often occurs in very large numbers ou this plant, but, in Formosa, it is quite rare. Cirsium Joponicum : the stems are uifested. Neai' Taihoku this insect may be seen on this host from November to June, most abundantly from January to April, while near Tokyo, it is uot uncommon ou the host from April to October. Crcpis Joponica : a few wingless viviparous females were found attacking the stem in March 1921, near Taihoku. Samsurca affiiiis : the stems are attacked. I have observed many wiuged and wingless viviparous females in March and April, 192 J, and in April, 1922, near Taihoku. (Season wheu the insect is abundant) lu Formosa this louse is abundant fr'om January to April and is extremely rare from Jirly to October, while near Tokyo it Ls vei'y common from April to October. (Wiuged viviparous female). The wiuged viviparous females are \^^vy common in Formosa, as well as in Japan. (Male and oviparous female) In Formosa this aphis is viviparous throughout tlie jear, without pro- ducing the sexual forms, which, in the vicinity of Tokyo, occur frum the beginning of November. (Intermediate) Only a brachypterous viviparous female has been collected by the author in December, 1917, near Tikyo. 70 KYOU'III TAKAIIASHI: (Sonic notes on tlio life liLstur}- ncir Tokyo) Near Tokyo the foiiialos of ilie 1st gouoratiou (stom-mothers), which np- )H>iU' about tho iiiitkllo of April, nvo ahvays wingless, as is common in miiuy species of plant-lice, but those of each of the 2ud and subsequent generations are ■\\ingor wingless, '\^^llotller the soxuparas are winged or wingless has never been detern.incHl. The winged males and wingless oviparous females occur on the Cirs'mia Japonicvin from the 1st week of November on. The eggs have a gieenish colour \\hen iie\\ly laid, gi-adually darkening to a deep bluck. S >me individuals feeding on the ^l/c/iW7?i /o|>p:( are ■viviparous through- out llie winter, but others ou the same plant sometimes i^roduce the sexuales as late as December. (Habits) This aphis has the habit of directing the head downwards when resting o!i tjie host. The wingless ^i^ipiroas females, when disturbed, sometimes secrete a reddish yellow lluid from the cornicles. (Communal life) M'lcrosiphnni f/ohmis and Macrosiphum cirsicda Takah. are sometimes found in gixnips on Oirsimn joponicitm in Japan, as well as in Formosa. They are ];ot tended by ants. (Distribution). Formosa : Kiirun, Shirin, Taihuku, Shinten, Urai, Mariiyama, Kagi. Japan : Tokyo, Chiba, SaitaiLa, Sapj)oro, etc. Macrosiphum ibotum Essig et Kuw, d'l. 1\, A, figs. 5—10) II(j3t plant, — Liijxatrviii ihofa, attacking the lower surface of the leaf. St)me wingless viviparous fiMiiales which were probalily sexupara', wing- less oviparous females, and winged males were collectetl ou Xo^'euder 29, 1919, near Tokyo. 0\'iparous female : ^-eilow ; wingless ; auteniue provided with a rather .'^mall seusorium i:ear the bjiso of the 3rd joint ; hind tibia) provided with numerous rather small circular seusoria scattered almost over the whole length, coinicles iuibricated, not reticulated. ai'Hiwd.t; of forjiosa. 72 Male : wiuged ; .inteuna;- provided with mauy circular sensoria ; corniclos not reticulated. Distribution. — Japan : Tokyo (Megin'o). Macrosiphiim rosse (L.) (Host pLiLts) Eosa sj^p., attacking the young slioot and the bud. Some wingless riviparons females of .i,n aphid, which were collected on Eiilvs sp. ou March 23, 19"2i, at Kwaushirei, Formosa, seem to belong to this species. (Season when the insect is common) Near Taiholui, tliis aphis may lie seen commonly almost at any season, but it rarely occurs in large unml.iers. (Winged fi^'iparous female) The winged forms are common in Formosa, as in Japan. (Male and o%-iparous female) It is viviparous all the year in Farmosa, as well as near Tokjo, tiie sexuides having never been observed. The author has observed in Hokkaido a female producing j'oung ou a Rosa that was covered with sno^\-. (Intermediate) I have never found auj' intermediates. (Communal life) Not attended hy ants. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Kagi. Japan : Tokyo, Sapporo, etc. Macrosiphiun cirsicola Takah. (Host plant) Oirs'mm jcqxmicuh} : tlie stems are attacked. The young uumphs sjme- times feed ou the flowers. (Observations near Taihoku) This aphis is very rar(> and does not occur iu large numbers. The 72 KVOICHI ■I'AK.UI.VSUI: ;nitlior lias oV)Serveing curled. The author observed on tliis plant, some wingless and winged viviparous females on April 8, 1921, at Urai, aud a few \vingless ones on July 18, 1921, at Kappanziiu, Formosa. Cinnamoimun campliora : the lower surfiices of the young leaves are at- tacked ; the infestso plants the imist fnvorod hosts are Duranta ■jilinairri, Nicotiana tahucurn, BnisMca deraccac, Rhaphanus sativus, etc., on wliicli plants tlie insect sometimes occurs in euomorous uumbei-s, jirotlucing a oonspicnmis infestation. (Season wlieii the iasect is coiumou) Tlie siMcies is one of the mo-st common in Formosa \\here it is ;most abimdimt apparently' in the winter or spring, its numbers being redncetl during the sunuijcr. (Winged vi\ipirons female) The winged forms are to bo found at any sea-son iu Formosa,' as_^w'ell as in Japan. (Male and ovipirous female) It is continuously viviparous all the 3oar, usually without producing the sexes near Taihoku, as well as near Tokyo. However, a few wingetl : males and their nymphs were found in a colony on Solannm vielongena on Mach'"21, 1922, near Taihoku, although no oviparous females were observed. No reason for the occuitgcco of these male insects was foimd. (Intermediate) No iutermediats have been foimd in Formosa. (Communal life) M)jr.ns persicae (SiUii.) and Aphis (jossypii Glove or EliopalosipJimn jKvudobmmtKB (Davis) are sometimes found in gi-oups. Not attended by ants. (Disti-ibutiou) Formosa: Taihoku, Sliiriu, Tansui, Kiirun, Shiuton, Ako, Nanto, . Mato, Kngi. Japan : Tokyo, Sapporo, etc. Myziis momonis Mats? Host plant. — Fnuius pi r^iru. The lower siu'faces of the leaves are attacked, and the infested lea\es ;irj rolletl. Many wingless viviparous females were observed on Juh" 17, v 1921, at Kappmzan, Formosa. APHIDID^ OF FORIIIISA. g I Myzus tropicalis Tak.di. Host plant. — Pruuiis pcrstcu. The lower surfaces of the leaves are attacked and the iufested leaves are rolled. Tliis aphis is very commou at Sozau, near Taihoku, where the aiithr>r has observed the wiugless and wioge 1 viviparous females on April 10 and the wingless one^ odI^- on June 17, September 25, and December 29, 1921. Many wingle.ss ones were oliserved on the host on April 30, 1922, at Tausui. Formosa. Myzus sasakii Mats. Host plant. — Prvniis psevdo-ccrasvs. The wingless viviparous females of the first generation (stem-mothers) produce conspicuous galls along the ril)3 of the leaves (on the upjier svu-face) of the host tree. The galls start about the middle of April, attaining their full gi'owth and development toward the middle of May. lu everv gall there is one stem-mother. The 2ud generation consists entirely of winged viviparous females which leave the Frv.nvs about the middle of May and fly away iu search of the summer host, which is as yet unkuowu. The stem-mothers are veiy inactive, being provided with very small eyes and very sluiirt antennae aud cijrnicles. Distribution. — Japan : Tokyo. Myzus sakurae Mats. Host plant. — Priniv.s psrvdo-ainsus. The under surfaces of the young leavers are attacked aud the iufested leaves are rolled. Near Tokyo the wingless viviparous females are pre.sent from about June to the hist of September, during \\luch ^jeriod the winged \-i\-iparous females make their appearance rather commonly. This aphis aud 3L/~i'-i pcrsic'e (Suly.) are sometimes found in groups near Tokv-o. Not atteudeil by ants. 82 ItVOICUI TAK.UIASHI: iJistnLutiou. — J;ip:ui : TnkjL), etc. Myziis woodwardiae Tuk.ili. Host plim's. — M'o' nlwurd'iu radiamH ; micly luuu 1 on PJ/jstic/cHin xp. Tlio iiudor siirfjicc'S of tlie twnder leaves, cspeically tlio midribs, are attacked. Tilt) ajiliis has tlie habit of directing the head downwards. Not attended Ijy ants. This aphis may bo seen only from I'ebrnary to April, being very rare. The author has obseiTed some wingless viviparous females ou April 19, 1920, wingless ones and nymphs of winged forms on Feberuary 12, numerous winged adults and some \\ingless cjne? on February 20, and sjmo wingless ones ou February 25, 1!)21, and a few wingless ones on February 8 and 16, a few wingless ones and mau}- winged forms on March 26, and many wingless and winged ones on April 17, ]922, near Taihokn. DLstribution. — Formosa : Taihokn, Kwaimonzan. Myzus polypodicola Takah. Host pliiiit. — Pol iidlchum .sp. T]n> under surfaces of the tender stalks are attacked. This species is quitj rare and does not occm- in large numbei-s. A few wingless vivipirous females collected in the mouths of April and May, 1925, and a few nymphs of winged forms in February, 1921, near Tidhoku. Distribution. — Formose : Taihoku. Myzus hemerocallis Takah. (Fi. vir, r,, figs. 11—11) Ilo.st ^liint— UcmcrocuUi'i fulv> I. Tlio basal portions of the tender leaves are attacked. Numerous wingless and winged vivipiU'ous females were found on :M;uch 1.3, 1921, no;ii- Taihoku. Not attonded by ants. Distribution. — Formosa : Taihoku. AriHDID.E OF FORMOSA. y3 Myzus arthi'axonis Tiik.ih. (ri. J, A, ligs. 1— '2 .t ri. Vir, B. figs. 7—8) Ho.st plant. — Atiliraxon ciJiuris. The under surfaces of the Iea\-es aro attacked. Same wingless viviparous feiaales and a few winged ones wert; f<;iuud on March 6, 192J, near Taihoku. Not attended by ants. Capitophorus hippophaes (Koch). Hijst plants. — Pohj(jfiiiviii hipiihifdiuui aud Pohjijomua h>/ihripipri: The lower surfaces of the loaves are attacked and the infested leaves are slightly cru'led. Some wingless and winged vivipai'ous females were observed on February 6 and May 20, 1922, near Taihoku. This aphis is very inactive and does not gi'oup densely. Not attended hj ants. Capitophorus formosartemisiae Tak ah. (PI. VII, B, figs. 9—10) H(jst plant. — AdeiiuHla vuhjar'is var. indica. The under surfaces of the leaves are attacked. A few wingles aud wiugel viviparous females were found on March 13 and 15, 1921, near Taihoku. The species is very inactive iu habit aud is not attended bj- ants. Trichosiphonaphis polygon! formosanus Takah. Host ^\&ut—Pul!i[ime wingless viviparous females and nymphs of the winged form were observed on October 25, 1920, near Taihoku, and same wingless a.ud a few winged ones on March 20, 1921, at Kagi, Formosii. Trichosiphonaphis polygoniformosanus Takah ? An aplus feediug on the Ljwer surfiice of the leaves and stalks of Lonkcra Japonica seems to be identical with T. pyrJijijoniforinrHamin Takah. feeding ou the Poh/goinoii. Near Tailmku the aphis is very r.iro c:)u the Loidccra, s:.)me 84 RYOICni TAKAnASnt: V iiigles? viviparous feuialos L;i\iiig Ijeeii observed ou Apiil 26, 1921. Near Tokyo, Lowever, it is nut uncommou at nil seasous, jiltlumgh it usually does uot ocur iu abuudiince. Tlio winged forms sanii t!> 1)0 rather rare, since tlio author has observed them only on April 1, and November 10, 1918. Some colonies of the species on the Lonicern continue to be viviparous all the year, without l)roducing the sexes even in the winter, but it some colonies on the same phmt the winged males and wingless ovijiaroiLS females occur at the beginning of Pcceml)er, near Tokyo. The eggs are blackish gi-een in colour, and are placed up'ju the lower surface of the leaves. Neophorodon rubi Takah. Host ])lant. — Ruhvs sp. {Rulm-s jiaxim/olius ?) The lower surfaces of the tender leaves are attacked. The author has observed wingless and winged viviparous females iu euomorous numbei-s ou March 19, 1921, at Kagi, FormL>sa. Phorodon hiimuli Pass.) Host plant. — Huianlus joponkus. This aphis is not common near lailioku, and the autlioi' lui3 observed son.e wingless vivipjirous females on the under sides of the leaves on March 5, 1921, at Shirin, near Taihoku. Near Tokyo, the wingless vivipirous females are ])resent ou the Hu/nv.h's kom the Ijegiuniug of June to the fii-st week of October, sometimes occurring in large muuli.'i's, and during this period no winged forms are produced. The author has observed many winged forms producing nymphs on Humv.hts on May 28, 1918. Tlie species is rather inactive and is not attended by ants. -Distribution — Formosa: Sliiriu ; Japan: Tokyo. Amphorophora oleraceae (v. d. Goot). (,ri. n', U, figs. 2—3) (Host plants) Laduvfi dt'hiliH : Sonchu-s olew.cev.s. The lower surface of the lea\e3 and the stalks are atticketb APHIDID,!: OF FORilOSA. g.j (Saisou wlien tlie insect is abnudaut) Tlie siX'cies is ratber coramou fruia January to April, Init is rare in other mouths. (Winged viviparous female) The wiuged fcjrms are very comiuou. (Male aud oviparous female) This species is cijutinuously vivipari3U3 tliroughoat t!ie 3"ear, without producing the sexual forms, uear Taihoku. (Intermetliate) No iutermediates ha^e leeu oLserveil. (Commimal life) This aphis aud Macrosiplium ddnlis Takah. or JI. Joriiiomniuii Takah- are sometimes found in groups ou LridHca or on Suiichm. Not attended ]jy ants. (Habit) This aphis has the halut, when disturljed, Oi dropping to the groimd. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Kwaunouzau near Taihoku. Amphorophora sonchifoliae Takah. Host plant. — Soncltus arveitsis. Some wingless and winged viviparous females were observed ou the stalks aud the under surface of the leaves on March 23, 1921, at Kwanshirei, Formosa. Ampiiorophora specie?. Host plant.— Pr3///(i japordca, attacking the under surfi\co of the leaves. Some wingless viviparous females and nymphs of winged forms were observed -on July 31, 1921, at Riningau, near Urai, Fonnosa. Amphorophora formosana Takah. Host plant. — uukuown. Some' wingless vi\iparijus females were collected on March 19, Iv'^l, at Kagi, Formosa. S(; RYUICUI TAKAHASIII: Amphorophora magnoliae (ri5;iji; ct Kuw.) (ri. YI, V>, figs. 4—5) Syii. Bli'ipalosiplona matjiioliac, Essig and Kiiwiiiui, rroc. Calif. Acad. S.-. viii, 3, p. 59 (1918). lUiop-iloslphuin s^ihilvciaJ", TakaluisLi, Zuol. IM;ig. Tukyo, xxx, p. 372 (1918) and rroe. liitniu. Hoc. "Washington, xxi, 7, p. 17G (1919). This apliis Ls one of the n.o3t common six.>cies near Tukyo, where no tiviparons females are produced tliroughout the }ear, and the life history is very foiiiplicatcd. The fall migi'aiits (pseudosexiijiarae) letm-u to the ^\■int'Jr host, S'lmhi'fva raccmom, during the months of October and November and pindr.ce the young u^wn the under surface of the leaves. Most of these young develop into wingless \i\iparous fenides, ^^hile a fe%\- accpiire wings, remove iigain in-t other Saiitbi'cus raccmosn, and produce -wingless vivip.irous females. As tlie leaves of (he winter host begin to fall, the lice locate themselves upon till- lower side of the buds, where they survive the wint.r. The parthe- nogenetic reproduction, which consists of wingless forms, is can'ied on generation after generati.)n during the winter, although reduced to a low rate. The aphis becomes exti-emely abiuidaiit in April, in which mouth the spring migrants (winged viviparous females) are produced. These migrants entirely leave the wiut -r host and fly to a very wide range of the summer hosts, some of the most im])oi-tai.t of which are Ofo-sd-m (nikulatu, Dioscorea japanica, Lafjcrsli-oemia indie I, etc., and produce young. Most of Ihese young become wingless forms, but a few inquiring wings fly ;igain tjU3 females are always wingless, while the males are wiuged or wingless, making their appearance, near Tokyo, fi-om the middle of October to the last of November. The wingless miiles are as common as the wiuged ones, and many intermediates of various degrees ai-e also produced. The sexux^aa-ae are always wingless. (Intermetliate) PS KVOICm T.VKAn.V^Ul: MiUiy briiobypterous forms or other iutonnediatjs are oljserved among the jLJilcs, although the)- are only i-nrely found among the vivipirous females. (Xotfis ou the life history iU5 observer! near Tokyo) The eggs luitch into young iij-mphs fi"om the luiddle or tlio h^st of Febriiarv on. Tlu'so nymphs move upward on the hosts and lociite themselves uvx)U the under surface of the apiod portions of tlin Ijranchos. The adult? of the fii'st generation (stem-mothers) wliich are always wiughss, and are often provided with only 5 — jointed antennae, occur fii-om aljonfc lOtli day of April on. The second generation cju^ists of botli wingless and winged forms, the Litt.'r far outnumlx;riug the former and tlio adult? appL-aving fi'om the middle of Mav 0:1. MoSj individuals of the third and fourth generations are wingles^, while a few are winged and all of tlie i:(th and subsequent generations and the sexuparao ai-<^ wingless. The ovipiroiis females outnumber the males and like the stem-mothei'S ;u'e often provided with u — jointed antennae. The eggs are deposited u^wu the tuider surface of the lirauclies and wh(>n newly ]irodi;cod have a pale yellowish colour, later darkening to a deep Ijlack. E^ich ovipmvius female deposits fi'om about three to ten eggs. (Percentiige of hathching) Of 330 eggs under my observation indoors 121 1910, 241 hatchiKl inti nymphs, the jx3rcent:ige beuig abjut To%. (Habit) The females are rather inactive, resting ou the host with the head directed upwards, and liave the habit, when distiul)ed, of moving the posterior p:ur of legs as if to ward oil' the ofliniding object, but not dropping to the gi-onnd. Not attended by ants. (Uistriljution) Fromosa. : .Vrisiin ; Japan: Tokyo, Nikko, Sapporo. FuUawayella violae (lV>rg.) Ilist plant. — Viola sjx att;ickiug the stilk. A few wingless vivi])arous females were observed on February 20, 1921, at Kwaunonzan, near Taihokn. AriIIDm.E OF FORMOSA. 39 FuUawayella formosana Takali. (Host plants) AVhnn Jisfulosum ; AUiuni scorodoprastim vav vlvipirurii. Tliis iipLiis sometime? occurs iu large uunibors, cloiug some injury to tlio leaves. (Season wlieu the insect is abuudant) The greatest abundance on the Allium fistulosmn seems to bo iu January and February, since tlio species has l)eeu observed iu eucjmorous uumljers ou this plant in tljese mouths. (Winged vivij)arous female) The winged forms are very commou. (Male and oviparous female) Near Taihoku it is continuously viviparous throughout tlie year, no sexes having beou ob.srved. (Intermediate) No intermediates Iiavo Ijeeu observed. (Habit) The females are rather inactive, wheu at rest the chrectiou of the heads being rather various. They do not move the posterior pair Jiul oviparous female) It is vivi]):iroiis all the j'ear near Taihokii, where no koscs have been f onnd oven in tlie wiuter. (Intormcdiati;) No iiitermediatos h;ne bwu noticed. (Distribution) lormosa: Taihoku, Kagi, Ivwaashiroi. Vesic iilaphis caricis (rull.) Host ])lant. -Cifpcrus rotvmhis. Numerous wingless viviparous females were collected b}' Mr. M. Maki on January '25, and wingotl ones on Febniary 10, 1914. Tliis aphis seems to be quite rare, since I liave never observed it during 1920 — 1922. Disti'ibution. — Formosa : 'I'aihoku. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.) (Host pLuits) Ndiuabo uuctfcni : the lower surfaces of the leaves and the stalks are athickinl. Nymphacx sp. : the le;ives and stalks are attacked. Pislia stratiotes var. aniuUci : the leaves are attacked. Sa rarely found on the Pntnvs communis. (Season when tha insect is abundant) Near Tailioku this aphis is vor\- common at almost any season, ot«asiou- allv o.'cuiTin'r in lar>:e uumbei-s. APHIDID.E OF F0RM(1S\. 91 (Wiuged vi\ip:a'ons female) The wiuged forms are veiy common in Formosa, as well as in Japan. (Male and oviparoas female) In Formosa it Ls viviparous all the year, feeding eliietly on tlie aqnatii; plants, and no sexes have been observed. (Intermediate) No intermediates Lave been noticed. ( DLstril:)utiijn i Formosa : Taihoku, Kwannonzau. Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae (Davis i. (Host plants) Brassier, campeiiris : numerous females, both winged aud wingless, were obseiTed on Ai^ril 18, 1922, near Taihoku. Bhaphanvs satlvps : Bramca olcraxm. (Japsella lvys:t-pc'stoi-i-^ : wiuged aud wiugless viviparous females were observed on the leaves and stalks on Mai'ch 3, 1921, uear Taihoku. Chrij.santhemuiii coro/inrivjii : many wiuged and wiugless viviparous females were obsened on Jlarch 5, 1921, at Taihoku. Banv.ncvlus S'xIerait'S : niiiuy wiuged and wingless \iviparous femaks were observed on February 27, 1921, at Sjzan, near Taihoku. This aphis is one of the most imp irtaut pests in our iskxnd, doing serious damage t? the B/iop/ionm, etc. (Season when the insect is abimdautj Near Taihoku the gi'eatest abundance seems to occm- fi-om September to April, its numbers lieing reduced during the surumer. (Winged viviparous female) The wiuged forms are commonly produced in Formosa, as in Japan. (Male and oviparous female) Tliis aphis is absays viviparous in Formosa, as well as neiu' Tokyo, and no sexual forms have been observed. (Intermediate) No intermediates have lieeu noticed. 02 KYOK HI TAK.UIASUI: (Coiiimuual life) This species is occasionally foimd iu gi-oups with 3Ljzus persicce (Sulz.) Not attended by ants. (Distribution) Formosa: TaiLokn, Sozau, Bokusaku, Boko-island. Japan : 'J okyo. I liavi! never collected Brcv'worijnc bnissicce (L.) iu our island. Rhopalosiplium lahorensis (T)as) Tliis species is ratlier rai'e. Ademlsia vulgaris var. indicn : winged and wingless vi\-iparons females were obson-ed on the lower side of the leaves on Msixch 13, and October 15, 1921, near Taihoku. SiiyjcslccJcia orientaUs : some viviparous ones wa'e found on March 15, 1921, ne;ir Taihoku. Rhopalosiphum avenae (Fab.) syu. To.co])tc.ra ruJiahdoiaiiiaUs Sasaki Yamataphis rujialdoininalw Mats. 1'. oryr.(B Mats. Ehopalosipliian papaveris Takah. Yamataphis papaveris Takah. (Host plants) Papiver somnifcrum : this aphis occurs iu ouomorous numbers on the rix)ts during December and January, proJucing a heavy and conspicuous infestation, at Toyohara, Formosa. Numerous winged and wingless \-iviparous fem.ales were obseiTed ou the leaves and stalks in March, 1918, at Kagi, Formosa. Prumis mnrne. : numerous winged and a few wingless vi\-iparous females were obsei-ved ou the leaves on April 19, 1922, at Shinchiku, Formosa. Orijza saliva : the roots are attacked in Japan. I have uover obsen'txl the species on this plant iu Fornios.a. APHI1IID33 OF FOKJinSA. 93 Triticum nihjarc, etc. : near Tokyo the riphis sometimes occurs in large numbers, liut iu Formosa I have never ol)servecl it on these plants. The wing-venatioD of Yamatapliis described or figured by Matsumura and Baker is not normal, since the 3rd oblique of wliich is usually twice forked like that of many other Axjhidiuse. This species is quite rare near Taihoku and seems to he continuously viviparous throughout the year iu Formosa. Distribution. — Formosa : Shinchiku, Kagi, Toyohara. Japan : Tokyo, Sapporo, etc. Cavariella araliae Takah. (Host plant) Aralia spinosa : the under surfaces of the tender leaves are attacked. (Season when the insect is abiuidant) The gi-eatest abundance seems to occur from January to March, but its numbei-s are reduced at other seasons. (Winged viviparous feu;ale) The winged viviparous females are very rare, only one specimen having been collected on March 23, 1921, at Kwaushirei, Formosa. (Mlae and ovipirous female) The sexual forms have never been observed. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Urai, Kwauuouzan, K^van3hirei. Cavariella neocaprae Takah. (Host plant) Sdix u-arhurgii : the lower surface of the young leaves, along the midribs, and the tender shoots are attacked. (Season ^\heu the species is common) Near Taili.jku this species may bo found rather commonly, but usually in small uumbei-s, iu February and INIarch, and Is rarely seen in other mouths. (Winged viviparous female) The winged forms have been observed in February and March. 94 KYOIt'HI TAK.UIASHI: (Male and oviparous female) The scxiialos do not make their appearance even iu the winter, which is sjieut, near Taihokn, as \i\ipar.jus females on the leaves. (Intermediate) No intermcxliates have bam noticed. (Hitbit) The winirles? for;us gi'oup al )Ug tlie midribs of the leaves, with the heads directed dt)wnwards, and are not attendeil by auti. (Distribution) Formosa : Tnihoku, KcJieki. Cavariella bicaudata Kssii? et Kuw.) Host lAMiU—S'dix warburijii ; S'di.c sp, attacking the leaf. Tiie winged and wingless viviparous females were observed in large uninl)ers on May, 9, 1920, at IMamyama, near Tailioku, and .m ^h\y, -1, 17, and 2'), 1922, near Taihokn. Toxoptera leonuri Takah. TTost plant — Lcomirus dllrlvus, attacking the leif. IVIany winged and wingtes viviparous females were observed on February 12, 1921, near Taih .ku. Toxoptera aurantii (Rner) (ri. 1, -V, figs. 8—10) (H(jst plants). A. Observations near Tokj-o. Illkkim anisatum : the upper surface of the leaves is att^icked, and the infestt>d loaves are rolled. The aphis is present on this plant fi-om abjut the last uf May trms on November S, 1920, near Taihoku. The infested leaves were curled. Fik.c Iri/'oli't Aar. uni/diolata : many vivipai'ous females of an apliis, observed on the lower side of the loaves on A^jril 25, 1921, at Kiu'im, seem 1 1 belong to this species. (Season when the insect is abundant) Near Taihoku the sjxicios is rather al)und,int about February and ^I-irch, but its numbers aro sometimes reduced during tlie suumer. (^lale and oviparous female) It is continuous!}- viviparous tlu-oughout the ye;u- in Formosa, whei'c no sexes have been discovered. (Winged vi\iparou3 female) The winged fjrms are very common in Formosa, as well .'us in Japan. (Communal life) This aphis is sonietinies found with Aphis p'/mi Do Goer in groups on the Pirus sewiina, and with Mij~us pirsiccB (Sulz.) ou the Hibi.-vus or on the S'jlunura radv. var. callicarpae Takali. (Host plant) CaUtrarpa /oriiiosmni : the lower sides of the young shoots rtud tlio leaves ai'e attacked. (Season when the insect is commijn) Near Taihokn it is common through the year, occumug in lai'gc numbers from abont Febniary to June. (Winged vivip.irons female) The winged forms are prolmied very commonly at any season. (Male and oviparous female) It is viviparous even during the winter without ])roduciug sexual forms. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Urai, Shiriu, Bolvusaku. The author observed some wingless viviparous females, the dorsa of which were covered with white secretions nn Octol.ier 31, 1921, near Taihoku. Aphis malvae Koch. A. Observations near Tailmku. (Host plants) Cncuiiils sativus: the under snrfaces nf the leaves ai'e athicked, the infested leaves being curled. This .•-t.phis is one <>f most important pesti of the Gunonis, doing serious damage. It is present on this plant, ner.v Taihoku, from about July to October. Clerodcmlron ciiiioplujlhiia .and CliiOtkiidron ^pp. : the lower sides of the leaves are attacked and the infested h;aves are curled. The apliis may bo commonly seen on this plant tln-oughout the year. Dunmta pjlniuivrl : the aphis is rarely seen on the young twigs and leaves. Prcmna formosana : many viviparou? females were observed on the lo\ver side of the curled leaves on April 4, 1922, at Marnyama, near Taihok. 100 RVOirni TAKAIIASFII : (8e;isou wheu the iii3ot:t is comiuoii) The siiecios is cjiumou at almost any time. (^^'ingc(l viviparous feuuilo) Tlio winged forms are veiy common at any season like those of maii.>- oilier si)ec'ies of Apltis. (Male and o\iparons female) It is contimi )usl^- \-iviparoiis throughout the year near Taihoku, where no sexes have been I'ouud. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been noticed. (Distribution) Formosa : Tiiihokn, Kiinin, Shinten, Cliran, Toyeu, Shiuchika. 13. Oljservations near Tokyo. (Host plants) Clcrodeiidron Irivholoiiium : the aphis may be seen on this plant fi'om Ajivil to the beginning of November, but is very rare during the summer. Gucmnis s itivus : tlu! aphis is ])reseiit on this jilant fi'om alwut the middle of June to about tlie •20tli day of July, doing serious damage tj the leaves. (Notes on tlie life history on the Glerodeudrou) The eggs hat<'h about the middle of April, when the buds of the host are begiiming t > o])on. The adults of the first generation (stem-nj(ithers), ap^x^ariug near the end of tho same month, are entirely wingless. The second geueiation consists of both winged and wingless forms, the adults of wliicih make tlieir appearance a1)out the 20th day of May, when the great.'st alumdance on this plant occurs, llie third and the subseipieut ge;:erations include idso b.'th winged and wingless forms, but the ^exuparae are entirely winged. During the sumnior its numbers on this plant are reduced. The winged males and ^\ingles3 oviparous feuiales are produced fi'om the last c>f Octolier on. All the individuals of tiie first and second gener.'itions are dark green in colom', but some of those of the third and the following generations are yellowish. (DLstiibntion) ArHIDID.E OF FORMOSA. IQl Jjip.an : Tokyo, etc. Aphis medicaginis Ivjcli. (Host plants in Formosa) Ficia favfi : this plant is one of the most favored hosts, and the aphis sometimes •occm's in great abnndance on it about Feljrii.ary, doing serious damage. As'ragalus si amis : a few wingless froms were observed on March 8, 1021, near Taihoku. Gljicrae soja : the insect has never lieen observed in abundance on this plant. WiJisfrocmia hulica : many winged and wingless forms wore observed on May 30, 1920, ne.ar Taihoku, and on xlpril 30, 1922, at Tansui. Acschyncmcne indica : maiy vivipirous females, both winged and wingless, were observed on July 13, November 20 and 30, 1920 ; and on Si'ptemver 21, 1921, near Taihukn. Pisum sp. : many winged and wiugless \'iviparous females were collec'.ed on April 28, 1920, by Dr. Shirald in the islands of Boko. (Season when the insect is abundant) Near Taihoku the greatest abundance see us sometimes to take place ou I'icia Java about February. (Winged viviparous female) The winged forms are very common near Taihoku, as well as in .Jaiiiu. (Male and o\iparous female) Tlie sexual f<.)rms are never produced in Foraiosa, being always vi\-iparoug even in the winter. (Distribution) Fiirmosa : Taihoku. Japan : Tokyo, etc. Aphis rumicis L. (H'-jst plants) Sulmnni viijriaii : tde under surfaces of the leaves are attacked and the 102 RYoicai T.UC.\.ri.\SUI : iufcsted leaves are cntleil. liumex crisjnts .- many ^\iuj;li s.s ;tu<1 wiugeil forms were ol)served iu April, 1922, near Taihuku. (Season wLeu the iusoot Ls common) Near Taiiiokii tbis aphis ma>' be sjen ratlier foiumouly from Fel iriiar v to June. (Win}j;etl viviparous female) Tiie winged forms are in'odufetl at any season in Formosa. (Male and ovipir(_)ns fciuale) It is ct)ntimioii«ly viviparous tliroiigliout llio year near Taili )ku, where the sexes ha\e never l)een oliserved. (I)istril)r.tioM) Japan : Tokyo, etc. Formosa : Taihoku. Aphis tavaresi I^<1 Gner. Host plant. -Citrus sp. Some winged and v\inglos3 vivi])arous females were collected I>y Mr. ilaki iu Novoudier, 1912, near Taihoku. The sp3cie3 seems to be rare, since the authir has never olisorved it in our islaed. Aphis lilii I>i>ht ? (Host plant) Liliiim opecirii : the distil parts of the stalks, the lower surface of the leav'es, and the Ijuds are attacked. (Sc'asou when the aphis is common) Near Taihoku this aphis is to be fouml almost at any seas m, sometimes CK'Curring in gi'eat numbers. (Winged viviparous female) The winged forms are numerous as in many other Aphis. (ilalo and oviparous female) The sexuaks do not make their apix'arance even in the winter, the species Ixjiug coutinuously vivipirous in our island. APIIIDID.E OF FdUJIOSA. 203 (Dish'iljutiou") Formosa : Taihokn, Kiirim, Sliiiicliikti. Aphis malvoides v. d. Goot? (Host plant) Bidais 2yii'jsa : tba stalks aud rarely the uuder surface of the leaves are attacked. (Season when the insect is common) The apliis is very common at an}- season, occasionally occurring in large numljeis. (Winged vivipar. iU3 female) Mam- winged forms are produced fr-im time to time throughout the year. (Male and oviparous female) It is continuously parthenogentic all the year, never producing the sexes in Formosa. (Disti'ilmtion) Formosa : Taihoku. Aphis pomi De Geer. (Host X)laut3) Fiius serolina : the lower surfaces of the young leave"-; are attacked. Near Taihoku this aphis is present on this Pirns koia April to Oetolier, occasionally occm'riug in large numbers. Glochidion Joiiunei and GlocJddion spp. : the young leaves are attacked. jNIauy winged and wingless viviparous females were found on thes^ plants fi'om FebruaiT to August, 1921, near Taihoku. (Season when the apliis is abimdaut) Near Taihoku the gi-eatest abundance takes place fi'om INIarch t j ^lay on the Glochidion. (Winged viviparous female) The winged forms ai'e very common iu Formosa at s.u\\ tiiue. (JIale and oviparous female) Near Taihoku the sexuales do not seem to make their apivarance during 104 KYOICIU T.UiAU.V.SHI : the yeai', even in the winter, since the author Las olsoiTed tlie viviparous females in the first week of Febriiar}' ou the Glochidion. (Communal life) ApJiis pomi De Goer and A. gossijpii Glov. are sometimes found together in groups on the P/rws-leaves. (Distiilmtion) Formosa : Tailioku. Japan: Tokyo, etc. Aphis nerii Bo^er. Host plant. — ■Asclepius rurassavici, attacking the lower side of tlie Ijranch and leaf. The wiuged and wingless vi\-ip;U'ou5 females were observed in enomoroas numbers in October and Novemlwr, 1921, near Taihoku. "WTien at rest, the s^xicies directs the head downwards and h:us the habit, when distui'bed, of moving tlie abdomen and tlio posterior pair of legs like many si»cics of Macrofsip/aun. Aphis saliceti Kalt. (Host plants) S'dix tmrhimjii : SuU.c spp. : the distal parts of t!:e youtig twigs are attacked. (Observations near Tokyo) Tliis ayihis may l)o seen occasionally in large numbers fi-om Juue to September, during which period the winged forms are pi'oduced from time to ti me. Tiio species is usually dark green in colour, but many orange yellow individuals (3ccur in June and July. The author has never observed the sexual fjrms. (Observations near Taihoku) Near Taihoku it is rather uncommon, usuilly occurring in small numlnjrs, but I have (ib3er%-ed it in gre;it numbai-s in Septeinl)er and October. The \\inged forms are very scanty in numlxjr, although they may 1x3 produced at any season. ArillDID.E OF FORMOSA. 105 lu FormcTSa, all the iudividuals of this ajibis arc uraiigc vtllow iu their general colour, the greeu oues having never been observed; and it is con- tiunoiisly viviparous through jut the year, no sexes having Ijeen oljsorved. (Distribution") Formosa : Taihokn. Japan : Tokyo. Aphis sambuci L. (Host plants) Sctiidiucus racciitosK :Stunlurus thunhenji'ma : the young shoots and the lower surface of the leaves are attacked. (Season when the insect is aljundaut) Near Tokvii, this aphis is common from the ujiddle of April to the last of June, the greatest abundance occuiriug alx)ut the liegiuuing of May. It is very scarce iu the mouths of July, Augiist and Septemlier, during which period very small colonies may be seen on the lower surface of the leaves. (Winged viviparous female) Many winged forms occm', near Tokyo, in the second, third and fourlh generatious fi'oiu the begiuuiug (_)f May onward t':» the list of Juui!. The first :iud the fifth aud the following generatious consist usually only of wingless forms, but the sexuparae are winged or wingless. (Male and oviparijus female) Near Tokycj the sexes make their appearance h\>m the last of October on. Tiie wingless oviparous fem.ales outnumlier the winged males, (lutermediate) Many bra^^hypterous f jrms are cpiite commonly fouud among the sexuparae, but they are very rare iu other generatious. (Notes on the life hisfejry uear Tokyo) Tlie eggs liateh abjut the middle of March, the adults of the first genera- tion i^stem-a other) occuiring from tlu middle of April on. Tlie females of tlie •2ud generation reach their maturity from the hist of April tj the Ijeginuiug ••)f May, when the greatest abuudauce takes place. Every male copulates with several ovipai'ous females iu succession aud e;ich mating lasts for about seven 106 KVuIcm T.VK.VIIASUI : luinutes. Tlie cg<^3 .110 yoUowish brown, when uewly producecl, grii'luiill\- davkeniDg to black. The nymphs nnd the wingless forms of the second generu- tiou secrete a p)wdor from the surface of the dorsn. (Communal lil'e) Aphis smnhuci L. and Arnjihoirqihora 7itagiidiac llssig et Kuw. (syu. lihopalosiphinn sainluckoJn Takah.) are sometimes found t<.>gethir in gr(:)ups on tlie Soinl.ncus racnmosa. (Distribution) Jap'in : Tnkyo, Sappnro. Aphis bambusae I'l'H- (Host plants) Bainhitsa nana : the lower surfaces of the lea^•es are attacked. Bam'vsa slenoslachya : the young shoots ai-e very rar>.h- attuckeil. Bamlvsa species : the lowei' surfaces of the leaves m-e attacked. (Season when the species is common) Isear Taihoku this aphis is rather uncommen, usually- occiuring in \eiy small uumlxjrs, Init the wingless viviparous females were observed in enomorous uuuibers in l•"ebl■^ar^■, 1922. Near Tokyo it may be seen eonnuonly on the Bamhusa from the fu'st ^^eek of June to the licgiuuiug of Novomlxn-, occasionally occurring in ;d)undance, the gi'eatest numbers apparently l)eing ft)und at the lieginning of .\ugust. (Winged \i\ip:ir(jus female) Kear Taihoku the winged forms seem to be quite rare, only one lia^•ing l)een ol)3erved on January- 22, 192?. Near Ti^ikyo, they are rather uncommon, but many -^ere ol)served at the last of June and fi-om the midille of Octobm' to the first week of Novenilx3r. (Male and oviparous female) Tlie sexuales have never lieeu found in Formosa nor in Japiu. Neiu' Tiulioku it is probably viviparous throughout the ye;u', n time. Aphis formosanus Takah. (Host plants) Zca mays : the leaves suffer severe injury fi-om this pest. SmrjJnm vuhjarc : the lower surfaces of the leaves are attacked and the infested leaves are withered. Some plants of the Graminca- : the under smfaces of the leaves are attacked. (Oliservations near Tokyo) The fuithor has obseiTed continuously some colonies on the Zai mays fi-om the last of July to the last of September, 1917, during which period many winged fonas were produced from time to time, and the aphis was always almndant. 108 nVOIClII TAKAH.VSni: (Obscrvjitioiis near Tailiukn) Neai' Taili'jku tlie author has oLscrve.l many winged and wingless vivipar- ous females on October G, 1920, and October 5 and 16, 1921, on a plant of the GraminoM ; and also on Jnne 23, and July 30, 1921, on Sorghum. (Disti'ibntion) Foi'mosa : Taihoku ; Shinten. Jajx'in : Tokyo (Meguro) Aphis miscanthi Takah. (Host plants) Miscanf/nis sj-)p. : the un.Jer surfaces of tlio basal parts of the loaves arc attacked. (Season when the insect is common) Near Taihoku tiiis species may bo seen rather cimmouly at any season, tliough always occun-ing in small numbers. I have never observed it in abundance. (AVinged viviparous fe:nalo) Tlio winged forms appear at any season, but are tjuito scanty in number. (Male and oviparous female) Tlie sexual forms have never beeii ob.served in Formosa, viviparous in- dividuals being seen fit all times. ( Intermediate) No intorniediattis have been found. (Comnnmal life) Tlie wingk'ss females arc rarely ft)und in the colonies of Orcgma lanujera (/ehnt.) on the Miscaiithvs. The colonies of this si^ccies are almost alwaj-s covered witli ti-nts liy the ant. (Hid lit) This .species is quite inactive, gi-ouping very densely, and does not elevate the logs when disturbed. (Disti'ibution) Formosa: Taihoku, Urai, Kagi, Kwanshirti, Koshun. APIIIDID.-E ( )F FOEilO.SA. 109 Aphis droserae Takali. Many A\iDgles? aud winged viviparous females were oljsiuved on the stalks of tlie flo«'evs aud the lower side of the leaves of Droscru lottrcrii, a v\'ell knowu iusectivorous plaut, at Sozau, ueav Tailioku, on Febrnan' 27, 1821. Aphis kurosawai TakaL. (PL V, A, figs. 5—6) Manv wingless and winged viviparous females were observod feeding on the leaves aud the dLstal parts of the stalks of Artcmtsio vi'Jg iriv var. indict ou March 5, 1921, at Shiriu, near Taihoku. Aphis nastiirtii Koch? Stdlariu idiginosa : some wiugless viviparous females and a few wingel cues were oljserved ou March 5 and 17, 1921, uear Taihoku. SteUaria aquuiica : a few wingless forms aud nymphs of the winged one^ were observed ou IMarch 11, 1921. uear Taihoku. Aphis shirakii Takah. (Host plant) Ilelastoinc ccin find. (Winged viviparous female) The winged fijrms appear at any season, but are exti'emely rare, near Taihoku, fi'om Mav' to September. (Male aud oviparoiis female) Near Taihoku tliis aphis is continuously viviparous throughout the year, uot producii:g the sexes. 110 r.YOICUI TAK.UI.VSUI: (lutermecliute) No interniecliates lui\c ever beeu discovered. (Habit) This si^ecies is very iiuictive, gi-oupiug, though not dcnisJy, ou the lower surfiice of the leaves, especially along the midribs. It does uot elevate the posterior legs uor drop to the gi'oimd even whou greatly disturbed. (Color vaii.'itio.'i) The general coloiu' is usually yellow, but many diu-k green individuals may be found in the late autumn and the; winter. (Distribution) Formosa : Tailiuku, Sozan, Urai. Aphis ficicola Taka. Host plant. —i^/c?/.s wiijIdUinii. This species is very rare, only a few wingless viviparous femelos having been observed on the young hvives on April 23, 1920, at Taihoku. Aphis somei Essig et Kuw. (PI. HI, A, fig. 1) A. Observations iu Formosa. (Host plants) Sapiuni sehifcrum : the aphis is sometimes observed in abundance on the leaves and young shoots from about Jime to August. Bischojia Javanim : some vivip irons femjiles were obsened ou the lower side of the jouug leaves in February, March and Septemlx>r. Ilepkipleurum udopJtyUuin : many M'iugless viviparous females were observed fit'ding on tlie fruits or the luaves on March 5 and INIay G, 11)21, near Taihoku. Pittosporuiii tohirn : a few wingless ones on the leaves ou March 22, 1021, at Sbinkwa. Vibimium formos'tnum : many wingless ones in Marcli, 1921, and iu July, 1922, at Shiuteu, near Taihoku. rohjfjonum mullijloruiii : many wingless ones ou November 2 ), 1921, at Taasui. ArHIl>Ii:)J3 UF FORilUSA. Ill Rlfiis javauka : the lower surfaces of the leaves are a'tacked. The apliis may be seen ou tliis plant from Mai'ch t.j September, the gi-eatest abuudauce ijcciUTirig in cases from the latter part of ^larch to the eud of June, but its numbers are gi-oatlj reduced during the summer and antuiun, at which seasons a fe^v wingless forms group together ou the lower surface of the midribs of the leaves, often I eiug covered with tents by the ants. (Saasou when the insect is common) Near Taihoku it is common fi'om about March to June. (Winged viviparous female) Tlie winged fi'oms are very common almost at any season. (Male and oviparous female) Near Taihoku this aphis seems to be continuously viviparous during the year, without producing the sexes, since I have observed the viviparous females in Februar}-. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been observed. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Shinten, Ural, Shiriu, Tansui, Shiuchiku, Kwaushiroi, Shinkwa. B. Obseiwations near Tokyo. (Host plants) Bhus jovrmici : the aphis inhabits this plant from the Ivgiuniug of May to about August. Viburiuiia sieholdi : the apliis may be seen on this plant fi-om April t) September. (Season when the insect is abundant) It is nne of the most common species near Tokyo, the greatest abundance taking place in May and June, but its numbers arc conspicuously reduced from Augitst onwards throughout September. (Winged vi\-iparou3 female) The wiugel froms make their appearance fi-om about tlio 10th day of May onwards to September. (Male and oviparous female) The \viuged males and wingless oviparous females make their appearance H2 riVOHill T.VK.VIIA.SUI: fiDiu the fii-st week uf Novemlj.H- ou the I'lliununn. As iu mauv other plaut- liie tlie oviparous females oiitmiml>er the uwles. (Notes ou tlie life history, the host leiug I'Unmiuia skholdi} The eggs Litt-h the first week of April into nymplis which are black iu their general colour. These nymphs feed on the Imds, reaching the alult eouclition the miilello of the Sitme month. The first generation consists entirely of wingless forms, Avhile the second and the following generations include b'>tli winged iUid wingless individuals. The adults of the second generation occur fi-om alxmt 10th day of 3Iay when the gieatest abundance takes place. The .sexnpara:" are probably pi'ovided with wings. Each act of copulation hvsts for iibout four minutes and thirty sjconds, and each oviparous female deiwsit? nlx)ut six eggs wliicli deL^^ieu intj black as they devel()jx\ (Distriubution I Japan : Tokyo. Anurapliis helichrysi iKalt.i Bothriosjxrmv.m itmlluni : many winged and wingless ^•ivip;lrol^3 females were ob.sen-ed on the lower surface of the leaves on J:iuu;uy 26, a.nd NovemVier 21), 1921, near- Tiiihoku. Eupatoiium formcsanum : the imder surfaces of the leaves are athicked, the infested leaves being rolled. Winged and wingless vivip;U'ous females were observetl ou April 28, 1021, near Tjiilioku. Cryptosiphum artemisiae Euckt. Aitemiski vidijoris var. iiidica : many winged and wingless vivipirous femnks were observe! on June 26, 1921, on the I\lt. Dniton, nei'.r Ta.ihoku. Brachycolus heraculei Takjvh. Apihm (jravcolcics : numerous winged ;ind wingless vi\iparous females were ol>ser\ed on Miirch 20, 1921, at Ako, Formos;i. Il^yicukum ^ikTtcs : many winged and wingless females in March, A[ ril mid Jmie, lil20 :'.nd 1921. ne.ar Taihoku. APniDID.E OF FORMOSA. 113 Oenanilie stoJonifem : winged and wiugless forms iu lurge numbers ou April 25, 1922, near Taiboku. Brachysiphoniella gramini Takali. (Host plant) Leerdu hexandra : only the upper sides of the lilades are attacked. (Season when the insect is coiumou) Near Taihoku this aphis is very common at any season tlinJiiglKnit the year, occasionally occiuTiug iu large numbers. Near Tokyo it may lie seen on this Diersin from the begimiiug of August to the last of Octolier, during which ^xaiod it is occasionally most aliundaut. (Winged Ti'S'ijxirous female) The winged forms occur at any season, liut are very reduced in numbers near Taihoku. Near Tokyt> they appear from time to time during tl;e m(inths of August, September and October, but are rather reduced iu numbers. (INLile and o^■ipill•ous female) In Formosa this species is always viviparous, without producing sexual forms. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been oliserved. (Habit) It is very inacti\o and the wingless forms are sometimes submerged m the water on the lAides of the host. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Kagi. Shiuka. Japan : Tokyo. Hyalopterus pruni (Fab.) A. Oljservations in Formosa. (Host plants) Phragmitcs comniv.nis : the upper sides of the bbides ;U'e atbu-ked. In Formosa the viviparous females inhabit this plant at any season throughout the year. 114 i;V(»icm takahasiii- Frunus pcrsica : la.uiy m inj;o:l autl winyless vivi]jarou3 femules wore oljseiTecl ou tlie lu'iver side nf the leiiveg ou April 9, ue;vr Tiiiliokn, on April 17, at Rhincliikii, and ou April 30, 1922, nt Tansni. Prunufi conimuids : many viviparous females, both vviuge.l and wingless, wore olservod nn April 17, 1922, ut Sliincliikii. (Season when the inse^'t is abundant) On P/ii\igini(('>i year, without the soxnales being produced. (luttirmediatj) !No intermediates have been noticed. (Distribution) Formosa : Taihoku, Tansni, Urai, Sliiuchiku, 1>. Observations near Tokv'o. (Host plants) Phraijiuiks ajimaunis : the aphis is pr.'SL'nt on this pLmt from about June ti the liist of November. Prunus jxrsiva : the viviparous females are found on this plant from May t'j the last of Octoter. (Season wIkui the insect is abundant) This is one of tiie most common aphids near Tokyo. It occurs on Pliraijm'dcs \n abundance fi'om the middle of June to the Urst week of July, but is (juit*^ rare duriug th(^ summer. On Pnmm the g eatest abundance is in June and July. (Winged vivii)ari>u3 fe.nale) Many winged forms appear in almost every viviparous gener.i^ion and the sexupario are always provide<.l with wings. (Male and oviparous female) Tlie winged luales and sexnpara', which return to the winter host, Pnoais pi, ska, are pnjdncsd alwut the middle of October on Phmg mites. T\\-o forms are found of those sexuparsc, the form maxinvx and the form ArniDID-E OF FORMOSA. J 15 iiuniina. (lutermediiite) Nn intermediates have been (il)sevverl. (Distribution) Japan : Tokyo, Sappor< >, etc. Greenidea taiwana Takah. Host plant— il/f^ws/Hrt rJioi/oIiu. This aphis is rai'e, some wint^ed and ^ving^es3 vivipanins female-; havinii: been observed ou the yheki, Kuraru. Greenidea nigrofasciatum (Maki) A few wingless vivipitrous females and many winged ones were observed on tlie lower sidi; of the yonug loaves of Queram specks, along the midrilis, on April 11, l',)22, at Hliinten, near Tiuhoku. Greenidea ficicola Takah. (ri. Y, B, figs. 1—2). (Host plant) Ficus rctvsi: the under surface of tlu young leaves and tiie tender shc>ots iMV attacked. Itcus ol>scura : the under surfjvces of the }'oung kunes are attacked. (Season when the insect is common) This aphis is coiani'ni in Ajn-il and INIay, luit does uot occur abimdantly. It is extremely ran>, near Taiholcu, fioui the middle of June to the last of October. (Winged vivi^Jarous female) Tlio winged forms are produced fivnu time to time at any season, but aiv very scanty- in numljei-s. (Male iuid oviimrous female) This aphis Ls viviparous throughout the yeiU', no sexual forms having l)eeu obser^■wl. AriiiDiD.i: 1)1^ I'c )r>Jii )SA. nj (Intermediiito) No iutennediates liav-' lx?eu t'.niKl ;is in otboi- species uf Grcenuhrr. (Commiiual liio) A few wingless Yivipjxnjns females weiv observed amoug groups of G//nai- hifhr'qis Uxli Zimm. feocliug ou Ficus rctma, on Novemljer 11, 1920, nenr Taihoku. Grecnklca aud Eidricliosi'ijhum are usually not att3uded by auts, but this spades is quite rai'ely visited by Crciiudogadcr roijenhoferi. (Disti'ibutiou) Formosa : TaOioku, Urai. Greenidea kuwanai (rergaude) (Host plants) Quercus acuta, Q. cri-sjndo, Q. dadda, Q- mlHU' The males have never beeu discovered. (Intermediate) No intermediates have l3eeu noticed. (Distribution) Japau : Tcjkyo. Greenidae tenuicorpus (Okaj.) L(:(jcrslr(Xmia indim : a winged vivixisu'oas female fomid ou the young leaf on .June 1-3, 1910, near Tokyo, soen:is to belong to this sixties. 2Jg r.YOKIII lAKAIIVSUt: Cirpinus /a])Ohtcfi : n fow wii)fj?!(l forms collected on this plant on Juno 5 iiutl (), 1919, nenr Tok^'o, stHJiu also to lx;lous t) this sixties. llio ovip.irous fonitilcs avo ])rovi(liHl with winjjis, likt; tliost; ni Grcenidea Jcuwuu'ii (Porjj;.), tlu; males luivin^ never lieen obs'.nved. Eiitrichosiphiim lithocarpi (^lakij Host ])laut. — Lil/isened__, in 'gi'eat al>nu lance on the young shoots and Kmivos on October 2, 1921, at Urai, ue;ir, Taihokn. Eutrichosiphum minutum Takah. Host pk-iut. — Tr chdospcriumn j<(Hininoi(hs. The wiiigi^l and wingless viviparous feiLalos were, observed in large inuiiLei'S on the under sm'faci> of the leaves and the stallcs on March 20, at Kagi, and ou iSlarch 23, 1921, at Kwanshirei, Formosa. Eutrichosiphum pasaniae (Okaj.) Hist plants: Qmrcus cw^pldidi, Qucrciw up. Near Tok^'o this apliLs uiay he commonly seen fro.u June to Ocbjher occasionally occurring in rather largj numliei-s and the wingtxl forms are pro- duced rather ct>nnnouly. The winged ma,les make their api3earauce from ii,lx)ut loth da\' of October on. The ovi[):irons females are probably provided with Aving? as in Grcoddc lanoawd and G. kuv.korinis. Cervaphis quercus Takah. (ri. \', 13, fig. i\) (Host plant) Qiurctis viiri'ddU.s : the lower surface of the youug leaves and the tender ehool:^ are atttuiked. (Se.'isou when tlie inscH-t is abundant) ArHIDID.E OF FOKMOS.V. 2^9 Ne;u' Tiiilioku this species is very rnre, ouly tlw wiu.^losi vivipiiiMiis females baviug lx?eu (:)l)ser\-«xl iu sm;ill nuiul>ers from Jimo to October. Near Tokyo tlie wingless viviparous females maj' be seen rather commonly from June to October, occasionally occurring in great abuucLiuce. (Winged viviparous female) No TriDgecl viviparous females have lieen dLseovered in Formosa nor in Japan. The sexupara> are wingless. (Male and oviparous female) Near Taihoku, no sexual furms have lecu foui;d, lait uearTrk'so, uumerou? oviparous females m;ike their appearance from Juh' dUWiU'd throughout the summer, and it is a very remarkable fact that they are always provided with wings as in some species of Grcaddea. E;ich ovij^arous female de]x>sits aViout five eggs which are yelln-w when newly produced. No males have lieen t)l.>served. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been fiiuud in Formosa and Japan. (Ilabit) This aphis is quite inacti\e, Ui.it elevating the posterior legs nor dropping to the ground when disturbed. It is sometimes attended tiy Fdijrhiichh divs iu F(_irii;osa. (Dish'ibutiou) Formosa : Taihoku. Japan : Tokyo. Myzocallis bambusicola Takah. (Host plants) Ikitdrocahimus laHflorus : the Vmcv sm-faccs of the lea^'es are attacked. Btinibusa skmodacLya : the young shoots are seldom attacked. (Season when the insect is common) This aphis is rather rare near Taihoku, not occuiTing iu abundance. (Winged %iviparous female) All the viviparous fei^ales are alw.ays provided witli wings as iu other species of 3LjZ()C(dUfi. 120 llYOIt III TAKAIUSIII: (^luU' auil oviparous fciuiili') It is viviii;u\)U3 tliroiv^liout tlu^ yoav, not prodncLii^ st^xiial forms. (lutorinodinto) No iiitorinei.liati'S lia\o lutni I'lHiiul as in nitmy otliov six-cios of MijzociUis. It is sixiradic, dircx^ting tlie lioad downwards, and jumping from tho host wlicn disturlnxl. Not attoudixl by ants as in m;xny other s^Jecies of Mif.ocaUis. (DLstinbution) Formasa : Tnihokn. Myzocallis querciformosanus Takah. Host phint — Qucrcus dmkiia. Many winged viviparous females \v(ne observed on the lower surface of tlie leiivos ou March 2, 191'.), at Taichyu, Formosji. Myzocallis yokoyamii Takah. (Host pliiuts) Qucrcus (jlamhthjcra ; Q. crispula : the lower surfaces of th> leaves are attacked. (Soixson when the sjx>oies is common) Ne;u' Tokyo this six>cies is not rare, sometimes occurring in maderato numlKH'S, but it is not so common .-is Jlyzocallis cipit ifa Essig et Kuw. and jr. qucrcicoht (Mats.) (Winginl viviparous fomale) All the individuals of each vinixmnis generation are pixvidixl with well develojied wings. (Mide and oviparous female) I have never obstirved the si^xiuvl forms. (Notes on the life history near Tokyo) Tlie eggs luvtch at the middle of April, the adults of tlie tirst generation ajipearing at the b.^ginniug of May. (Communal life) This sixvies and J/. qu-rciaJa (Mats.) are sjmctiaies found together. AI'illDID.E l)F FORMOSA. 121 (Disti-ilintiou) Japan ; Tokyi Myzocallis quercicola (Mats.) (Host plauts) Qucrcus (jlnnduliferu : the lower sides of the leave.?, along the inidriljs, avo attiwked. Tlie J'ouug uymplis of the first generation sometimes feed on tlio upper surface and the st'dks of tlio leaves. Quercus dmtata, Q. crispuln : the lower surlaa; of tlie leaves are attack'^]. (Season when the insect it common) Near Tokyo it is common fi'i>m tlie Ix.'giuuing of May to tlie last of Oct-jber, occasionally occurring in large unml)ers, but g(!Hcr,illy less common during the summer. (Winged Oviparous fenuile) All the viviparous females are always provid3er\ed on October '21, 1917, nci^r Tokyo. (Distribution) Ja])an : Tokyo, Sijuxiro. ArillDID^ OF F(lEMOS\. 123 Myzocallis capitata Essig ot Kmv. (Hust pliiuts) Qiwrcus serrata, Q. varia^i'dh, Caslancn vulijaris : tlio Idwcv snrfciOL'S of tlie leave", aluDg the luiilrilis, ;ire attiieked, (Season wlieu the msect is coiumoii) Near Tokyo this species is mther couiiijon, nccMsiouiill}- occnrriug iu large uuml)ers. (AViuged viviparous female) As in luaDV other Myzocallis, uo wiugless viviparous females luive been fonud. (Male aud oviparous female) The winged males and v.-ingless i:>viparous females, the latter far outrnuuber- ing the former, appear fi'om the last of October to about the '20th da}" of November. Tlie sexup;u';)e may be seeu until the middle of November. (Intermediate) No intermediates have lieeu fi.)Uiid. (Disti'ibutiiiu ) Japan : Tokyo. Myzocallis ariindicolens (Cl.uk.) H(jst plant. — Bcnnhusa sp. : tho imder surfaces of th<^ leaves are attacked. Near Tokyo this aphis is quite rare, a few winged viviparous females occurring about Jime, and it is extremely difficult to ficd dm'ing other mouths. Myzocallis arundinariae Essig. Hast plant. — Bamhusa sp. : the lower surfaces of the leaves arc attacked. Many winged viviparous females were collectc^d by Mr. Kuwayama at Uwajima, Shikoku, Japan, iu ^Nlarch, 1919. Myzocallis bambusifoliae Takah. (PI. II, B, fig. 6) Host plant. — Bainfmsa sknostachtja. 1-2-1 RYOICHI TAK.VHASUl: Tliis sjx'cR'S is quit*' rjire, .-i ffw win«;oviugs, tlie wingltas? oues having never Ik-cii discovered ;is iu other six!cies oi MifMolliis. (Sli\\Q and oviparous female) The wiuged males aud wingless ovip:ii\)as fiMiiaks, the latter outuumlKU'iug the foi-mer, ap^xiar at tlie last of Ootolx;.-, near Tokyo. (Tutermediato) Se(^ ])latti VI, A, figs. 3 — 4. Among tlie winged viviiKuvius femaks there ju'e fonud two forms, the mjicroptt rous aud the brachypteroas, which are almost m^yvA in uumlx^r or the lattt'r sometimes outuumlK'ring the former. Tlio Ijrachypterous forms are proiluced very commonly at any season as are the macroptcrous ones, Init tlK'ir thorax are not well develo])ed, beiug provided with very short wiugs. It is a veiy remarkable fact, however, tliat the hooks on the hiinl wiugs of the brachvptvroiis foruLS are ius \\ell develojx'd as are tli'jse of the macroptcrous forius. Tht' males are m;K!ropterous. (Hiibit) The ajihis is rather iu;u:tive, grouping ratlur deiisi'ly along the midribs of the lea VIS. The \iviparous females seci'ete wliit<> pjwders from tlie surface of the dorsa. (Uisti-ibution) .VrillDID.TS OF FORMOSA. 125 Japau : Tokyo. Callipterus kahawaluokalani (Kirk.) (Host plants) Loi/ersfwemia india.i ; L-iijrrslrocinia spp. : the k)«'ei' siu'faces of the leaves are attacked. (Season when the insect is common) Neai' Taiboku this species is not uuc(.)mmou, the greatest abiiudauce some- times occiuring about May, Imt the unraliers Ix'iug sometimes gi-eatly reduced dun'ng Julj- and August. Near Tokyo it is \-ery corumou, luit is not frenueutly of gi'eat abundance. (Winged viviparous female) All the vivix^arous females are winged. (Male and oviparous female) The winged males and wingless oviparous females make their occuiTcnce fibout the middle of October near Tokyo, but near Taihoku the males api»ar about the last of the same mouth and the females fi'om the begiuuiug of November on. The females ontuuml.).'r the males in Formosa, as vceW as iu Japau. In Foraosa almost all the species are vivix^avous tlu'oughout the A'ear, without producing sexual forms, and this Ls the only si^xues wliich is, at present, known to produce the sexuales Lu the fall and to pass the winter iu the egg couditiou. (Intermediate) No intermediates have l>eeu discoverer!. (Distiibntion) Japau : Tokyo. Formosa : Taihoku. Calaphis magnolicolens Takah. Japanese Aphidiaae.-^l. p. 27 (1921). fh^^-^^W^^'^ P- ^^ t^^-l)- (Host plant) 3Far another. The ^•iviparous fcunales often lx:>gin to produce young soon after the last jnolting and when their Avings are not jvt dried uii. The ovipai'ous females iH'giu to ovijusit a few days later after this ni )lt. This fact is also very (^Jimuml^- to be obsirvi'd among many other C'allipteriua, such as MijzocaUis, Ncopliijllaplcis, etc. Each female deposits about 27 eggs upjii the sti-ms of the Mcujndia at the end of October. (Habit) Tlds aphis, esiKvIally tli(> nympli, is very inactive, resting along the midribs of the leaves, with tlie ]u>a\ip:irou5 cjues, which occur about November, lU'e apt l)e found uot uucoiumonly in sruall or large numl)ei's alnio.st at any season. It seems to be rather numerous at times. (^\'iuged vi^iparous female) The winged furms, as Avell ius the wingless ones, occur from time to time throughout the yt;av. These two forms are almost eipial iu number or tlie winged ones a little outnumber the wingless. (Wale and oviparous female) It is ciiutiiiuously viviparous througliout tlie year, no sexual forms having been observed. (Intermediate) No intermediates kue l.)een mjticed. (foiumiiual life) Tliis six'cios is .sometimes found associateil v\itli Aphis ha7nJjm:ic Full. (Habit) Tliis aphis is gi-egarious, directing the head in various directions; it is APniDIDJE OF FOKirOS.V. 1-29 mther iuactive, aud does not jump from the host, uor move tlio posterior ]);iir of leg3, when disturbed. (Distribution) Formosa : T;iihoku, Shiuteu, Knaushirei. Neophyllaphis podocarpi Takah. (Host plauts) rodocarpvs macroplijiVa : the lo^\•er surface of the leaves, esfx-ciallj the jxiuDger ones, is attacked. PoJocarpus nafjein, .- the lower suiface of the young lea\"es is attacked and the infested lea^"es are somewhat curled. (Season when the insect is abundant) Near Tokyo tho viviparoiLS females are very common from Ma}' until tin; middle of November, occasionally occurring in large numbers. Near Taihoku they are also very common throughout the .year, occasionally being abundant at any season. (Winged viviiDarous female) Near Taihoku, as well as near Tokyo, the winged fjrms makti their appearance almost in every viviparous generation, but they are not as coimuon as the wingless forms. The females of the first generation (the stx-m-mothers) and the sexup.irae always seem to lie apteious. (Male and oviparous female) Tlie oviparous females of almost all the x\phidiuae are wingless, but those of the present s]^)ecies are always x^rovided with well develoi^ed ^^■ings. Winged oviparous females have also been observed, as already mentioned, liu Grcenideu and Cervoplds. Tliis aphis also differs fr"om most Aphidinae in that the sexuales appear from about Ma}' until the Last of November, during which period both the vi^•i parous and oviparous females ma}' be seen on a single host tree. Tliis occurrence of the sexuales has been observed only near Tokj'o, nut in Ftn-mosa where the species is continuously viviparous throughout tho year, without producing the sexes, except as mentioned below. The males are winged as 130 IIYOICIII TAlCUi.VSUI: iu many otbor Ai)hulinivo and arc sciuty iu uunilxjrs. Near Tailii)ku, as mentioned al)ov(>, this apliis is viviparons throngliout the Vf^av, but I lukve obsorvod one winged oviparous ftjmale on ^[;iy 30, 1920, wbioli occnjTenco st-enis to be abnormal. Every soxnpara may give birth to both tlio sexuales and tlie wingless viviparous females. (Intermodiat(> ) Tlio bracliypterous vi\ip:irons females are very rar(\ The eyes of the ^\iIlgless form usually consist of only thres not dn)]! to tlu^ gi'ound nor elevate the posterior pair of legs when disturlx)d. The jumping habit has not been observed. (Distribution) Ja]i.in : Tokyo, Cliiba. Formosa: Tailioku. Shivaphis celticolens (Fssig et Kuw.) (Host plant) Cdiis siiwmis : the lower surfaces of the leaves, esixicially tlu^vounger ones, are ntticked. (Stvison when tlie sjxx'ies is connnou) Nt-ar Tokyo this aphis may bo seen very commonly from about the beginning of .Tune to the middle of October, during which ix>riotl it is oc- casionally abnnd-mt. (Winged vivijiarous female) The females of the fii-st generation are probably wiiigle^>, but those of <'ach of the sc^cond and the subscYjuent generations are \\ing(Hl or wingless. -Vmong tlu> winge, of Mncrosiphuiii formosanum Takah., as already mentioned ; and the brachypterous ones of the second group are of normal occurrence iu ^IijzocnlUs kuricola (jMats) and Shivfiphis ccKicoIc/is (Essig et Kuw). Shivaphis celti Das. (Host plant) 132 KYOirlU TAKAII.VSUI: Celtl.'i nervosa : the lower suvfncc of the leaves, especijiUy the yonug ones, mill the distal pai-ts of the touder shoots are attacked. (Sejison when tlie apliis is alnuidant) Near Taihokii tliis apliis is very coiniuon, ofteu bomg most numerous in ]May, Jiiiui and July, usually liccioiuiug scarcer from late summer ouward tlu\)ughiiut llio \viiit«T. (WinnxMl viviparous female) The wingixl forms are very common at auy seasou except dm'ing wiuter vhen they becoir.e so scarce that it is often qiiit(! difficult to find them. (]\Iale aud oviparous female) Ni!ar Taihokn, the leaves of the young Cdfis are gi-ecn even in the winter aud the ajihis feetliug on such young hosts continues to produce the young throughout the winter, without producing the sexual forms. However, the leaves of the older CcUis begin to A\ither gi-adujdly aud from Nevember imtil the last of February of the followiug yCiU' all the leaves are fallen ; the aphis on these kvues becomes more scarce as the winter approaches, and does not jwoduce oviparous forms, all tin; individuals (^viviparous females) vanishing on the falling lea\es during the wiuter. However, a few winged males, which soon die, without copulation, as no oviparous females are produced, s:)metimes occur on sucji old trees in December. Thus the aphis is viviparous throughout th{» year near Taiiioku. In the spring some winged forms migrate to the old ti-ees from the young and new colonies are thus established there. (Tntermetliate) The intermediates are quite r.ire, onl}- erne brachypterous \ iviparous female liaving been observed on .July 27, 1920, at Taihoku. The hooks on the hind wings of this female were well developed. (Habit) This aphis is rather inacti\e, not dropping to the gi-ouud uor jumping from the host wlu'U disturbe Phyllaphis fagifoliae Tak.ili. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Sjc. pp. 11) 1—195 and p. 200 (1919) (Host plant) Fugns species : the lower surfaces uf the leaves are attacked. (Soasou when the aphis is common) Near Tokyo this spades is rather rare, rarely l)ecomin!i; abundant, and during the summer becoming ^■ory scarce. (Winged vi\iparous female) In many Aphididas the females of tlie first generation are wingless, the winged forms appearing in the sect)nd and the following generations, but in PlujUapIiis faijifolioB the females of the first and second generatiaus are pronded with wings, and those of the third aul tlie following generations, and the si^xu- para>, are wingless. ' (Male and oviparous female) Near Tokyo the winged males and wingless oviparous f<-m:iles make their appearance from the end of Ootobc;r until the beginning ol Nu\ ember. The male insects are scanty in nuuibers. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been observed. (Notes on the life history near Tokyo) The eggs hatch about th;_" iLiiddle of April, and the winged forms of the first geuoratiou have a uymphal stage lasting about two Meeks. The adults of the second generation occur at the end of May, and fi-om that time on a few wingless generations are repeateil niitil the sexual forms are jirodueed in the fall. Each oviparous female places upjn the branches of the Facjus 15 or 16 eggs, which are covered, by means of the posterior pair of legs, with white wax secreted l)y their mother insects. (Habit) It is very inactive m habit. (Distiilmtiou) Japan : Tokyo. i:].^. KYOICIII TAK.UI.VSIII: Periphyllus formosanus T.iknh. Ilo.st plant. — Acisr sj). : tlio lo\\er sides uf the leaves are attacked. A few V ingless vhipiroirs female?, wliich were probably the stem-mother.?, and many winged one-; and their nymphs were ob.served at Suzau, near Taihokn, on rebniaiT l-'i, 1921, and a feu winged and wingless forms on the same plan', on I-'ebriLaiy 27, but (mly llie dimorphs margined with many lamella' were found on June 12. The life histories of rcrijj/ii/livs uceri/olicE Takah., P. Javlrevlerice TaLih., aiil P. j'npmica (Kssig et Kiiw.) were given in detail in tlie Zool. Mag. (The ]),.bntsugaka-Za.sshi) Tokyo, vol. xxxi, No. 372. pp. 323—329 {^Wld}. Dilachiius piuiformosanus Takah. .Vphidida' of Formosa.— 1, p. .S2 (19211 (Host plants) Pimw spp : the distal parts of the twigs and tlie young shoots are att!ioke, it is scarce tlnonghout the year, as in Formosa. (AV'inged vi\iparou3 female) Tlie winged forms are extremeh" rare, but they seem to occur during any month, since I have observed them in February, Jlay, September and Novemlier, near Taihokn. i^Iale and oviparous female) It is viviparous throughout the ^ear, not jjrodiicing tiie sexnales near Tailioku, nor near Tokyo. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been noticed. (Habit) The aphis is rather active, not grouping denseh', and directs the head downwards when at rest. Al-niDIDJi; OF FORMOSA. IE: (Distribution) I'onuosa : Tiiiliokn. Japau : Tok^'o. Dilachnus pinidensi florae (Essig ct Kmv.) Host plants. — Finns sj). and Piuus massonvma : tlie Ivwav sides of the twigs are attacked. A few wiugkss and rmnaerous winged, viviparons females :vere observed ou February 19, 1921, a few nymplis on March 8, mimeruus wingless in- di\idiials on March 30, and a few winged and uninerous wingless Yi\iparons feiLales ou July 30, 192"2, ne:xr Tailmku. This aphis gimips very densely and has the habit, when disturbed, of elevating the posterior pair of legs. Lachnus tliujafoliae (Theob.) (Host plant) Thvju oricniaJ'is : the twigs, especially the lower side, are attacked, and a few wingless forms are sometimes found ou the leaves. (Season when the insect is commai) Near Taihoku this aphis is rather rare, usually occurring iu veiy rosti'icted numbers, but the author has oliserved the wingless viviparaus fiauales in abundance on June 80 and July 8, 1922. Near Tokyo it may be seen not uucommonly, liut is uot often alnmdaut. (Winged \iviparous female) The winged foi'ms are exti-emely rare, Init I have observed one or two nymphs of the winged forms on July <5 and 25, and November 11, 1920, May 27, 1921, and Jime 30, 1922, near Taihoku. (Male and oviparjus female) Near Taihoku it is viviparoiLS all the year, ^\ithout producing the sexual forn.s. (Intermediate) No intermediates l.ave l)eeu noticed. (Habit) 236 KYOKIir TAK.VJI.VSIII: This apliis is wry inactive, very deusely gi'onpiug ou the twigs or in the fissures of the steins or twigs. It dcjcs not elovjite the posterior pair of legs even when distiu-Lccl. Th > (linsctions of the lieads, when at rt"St, are variaus. (Communal life) Th(> colonies of this sp:;cie3 are sometimes covered with the tents by Crcmatorj'ister rogcnhcferi. (Distribution). Japan : Tokyo. Formosa : Taihoku. Tuber olaclinus viminalis (Fousc.) Host plant. — Salix tmrhurijii, attacking the lower surface of tlio liranches. Some winged and wingless -viviparous females were observed ou April 29, 1920, and February 7, 10, 21, and 27, 1921, near Taihoku, -where it seems to pass the winter as a -viviparous female, without producing the soxiiol forms. The aphis has the habit, when disturbed, of elevating the pjstoi'ior legs. The lit^ad is du'cctwl upwards when at rest as in Stonwplds. Pterochlorus tropicalis van dtr Goit. (Host plants) Quercns dentala, Q. (jlanchiUfera, Q. sernda, Q. vminbiUs, Qucrcus sp])., Caslniica vuly iris, etc. : the branches and twigs arc attacked. Bdida (lUxi : the branches or twigs am rarely attacked. A winged %iviparous female was obsened producing young on June 12, 1917, and some wingless ones were seen on Juh' 8, 1919 near Tokyo. (Season when the insect is abundtmt) Near Tokyo this insi;ct is abundant in the spring, most so is May, Init its numbers are greatly reduced during the montlis of July and August. (Winged viviparous female) The first generation (stem-mother) consists only of wingless froms, but each of the second and the following generations produce both winged and wiii"le3s individuals. ArillDID OF FoRMi «.V.Tj;. I37 Tiie sexnpai';\3 appear to be wiugi'd at times. (Male; aud oviparous female) The winged males aud wingless oviparous females mako tiuu'r appjrance iiLoufc the liegiuning of November, an! the latter may bo found, w.a- Tokyo, until about the 10th day of December. The males are v(:ry scanty iu number. (Intermediate ) A brachypterous female was observed on May 11, 1918, near Tokyo. (Notes on the life history ne ir Tokyo) The eggs hatch at the beginning of April. The adults of the first genera- tion, which are wingless, appear during the last of the same month, and those of the second generation, which are winged or wingless, with the former out- numbering the latter, appear about the 10th day of Ma.y, when they are most abundant. Duiing the summer the insect is so scarce that it is somewhat difficult to detect it in the field. When uewdy en:erged, the abdomens of tlu winged viviparous females are very small, but in a few daj's they become s > large that the insects are not iible to tly. Every oviparous female deposits 8— 14 eggs, which, when newly produced, are yellowish brown iu colour, gradually darkening in about a week to a, deep black. All the eggs of all the females iu a single colony are unially deposited in grjups uiun the south side of the stem of the bust tree. (Communal hfe; This aphis is often attended b}- LoKiim viijer, and I have sametimes observed the ant carrying the young aphis, holding it iu it, uiouth. (Habit) This aphis grijups rather densely on the upper side of the branches or on the stems, and some wingless females are occasiomdly found in the fissures (if the host trees. In September and November the aphis is often seen grouped on the south side of the stems, where the rays of the suu are falhiig. It is very active in habit, unlike many other Lwlmina, and, when apf)roached, it elavates the ].X)sterior pair (->f legs, :is if to ward oil' the olfeud- ing object, and, when strdugly disturbed, it l)egins to walk away or drops t<.) the ground. I have s tlie 20th day of October, 1918, at ^^■Lut■ll time the greatest uumbers were occasioually I'onnd. (Winged viviparous female) Many winged forms were ol)served, near Tokyo, ou July 12 and fi'om the end of September until the 18th day of October, 1918. (Mnle and oviparous female) No sexuales have been observed. Most sexuparse seem to be winged, althongh a few wingless individuals are found. (Intermediate) One brachypterous viviparous female was found ou July 13, 1918, near Tolcyo. (Communal life) This species is often tViund in the fissures of the stems, attended by ants. (Habit) Like other species of Siomcqjliis this species is ciuito inactive, and does not group densely, directing the head up\vard3. (Distribution) Japan : Tokyo. Stomaphis pini Takah. Host lAimt.^Pirtufi dcnsifloya : the stems, especially the basal parts, are jittacked. This Stomaphis is very scarce near Tok_>-o, whore some winged and a few- wingless viviparous females were oljserved in the fissures of the Ijark of the Finns ou October 26, 1919. It is rjuite inactive, attended by ants, and, the wingless fomales have the haltit of moving the ant(;unac rapidly aud almost continuously-. Stomaphis yanonis Takah. The Dobutsugaku-Zasshi (%«<]. Mag. Tokyo), vol. xxx, 359 p. 369 (191S). (Host plant) CelHs sinensis: the stems, especially the basal parts, an; attacked. (Season when the insect is common) 140 KYOICHI TAK.VII.Vsni: This apbis is rather cwiumou near Tokyo, where it is often most almndant in May and Jnue, altliongh their numbers are rodnce;! durin,-; the summer. (Winged viviparous females). The second, as well as, the third generation consists of l>oth winged and wingless forms, liut all others always include only wingless individuals. Tlie soxuparas are also wingless. (Male and oviparous female). The males are apterous, small, and ratlier flat, with the eyes and rosti'um rndimentai-y mid the cornic^les absent. The number of mohs seems to l;e scantj'. The oviparous females arc wingless, as is common for most of the Aphidinra and are almo.st identical in structure and colour with the windless viviparous female, being provided with a well developed rostrum. In the vicinity of Tokj-o, these sexual forms are produced at the begin- ning and near the middle of November. The males ai'e scarcer than the females. (Intermediate) No intermediates have been noticed. (Notes ou the life history near Tokyo) Tlie eggs hatch at the lioginning of April and the adult stem-mothers, which are wingless, appaar during the fii-st half of May. The winged and wingless forms of the second generation attain their adult shx^e at the last of ]May or the beginning of June, when they are most alnmdant. After some wingless viviparous gener.ations are repeated during the summer the sexules are produced in the fall. Eich oviparoas female produces two or three largo eggs, which ar.E OF FOKMoVA. 141 Xippolaclanus piri Mats. (Host plants) A. Summer host. Firm scrotina : tLe lower surfaces of the lea\es, aloDg the midrib-:, ale attacked. This insect is present on tliis plant from al>out the middle of Sla}- until the last of September. B. Winter hosts. Eriolotnja japonica : the lower sides of the leaves, along the niidiibs, are attacked. The aphis passes the winter on this plant in the egg conditit.)U. Raphiolcpis japcniica : the aj)his seems sometimes t'j pass the winter nionths on this plant, since many winged viviparous females and theii- nymphs were observed on the under surface o! the leaves on Jouo l:!, 1917, near Tokyo. (Season when the insect is common j Near Tokyo this insect is not uncommon each year, sometimes occurring in large numbers on the summer, as well as, on the -sNiuter hjst. (^\iuged viviparous female) The females of the second generation, which migrate to the summer host fiom the middle of May until the beginuiug of June, and the .=exupavw, which rttm-u to the winter host in the fall, are provided \\ith v.ings, but those of other generations are always entirely ■wingless. (Male and oviparous female) The ^\•iuged males and the wingless oviparoas females iiiake their appear- ance on the Eriohofi-//'i japonitu in Octjlier and November. Tli3 ii.ales are almost identical in colour with the winged vi^'iparous females, difleriug fiom them, however, in not secreting white was fivm the dorsa. They are not rare, rdthough much scarcer than the feiuales. (, Intermediate) No intermediates are found among my siJccimeus. (Notes on the Ufe history near Tok^d) The eggs hatch about the 20th day of March. The first geLevation (steiu- niother) consists onlv of the wingless individuals, but the st.'C'iaid generation in- 142 llYdlClU TAKAUASHI: cltiilcs iiiil>- the wiupcnl, tlio uilnlts of winch owniv on the EiiohcArija from the luiildlo uf !\I;ij to the boj^iuniiig of Juue, thou inigi-atiug t ) th J summer h )st. Tlie sexnp;irai luako tlieu- !ip|X3!iriUK'e from about the 20th clay of September tj the begiuning of Octjlxjr. Eai^h oviparous female deposits about 10 eggs upon the lower side of the heaves these being ]iale yellowish in cjlour, with one end pale l)rownish, when newly deposited, gradually dirkeuiiig t«i a ilcep green, and before hatching botli ends changing into blackish. (Habit) Tlu^ aphis has the habit, wliLna slightly disturljed, of dropping to the ground. (Disti-ibutiou) Japan : Tokyo, etc. Aiceona actinodaphnii Takah. Host plant. — Adhiodaplcm pedlcdlala : the lo\v(-r snrfice of the leaves and tlie young twigs are attacked. Many ^vinged and \\ingl(!SS ^•iviparous females were observed cm January ?>, li)21, at Urai, near Tailiokn, and a few wingless individuals on M-ircli 2:5, 1!>2I, at Kwanshirei, Formosa. Oregma bambusicola Takah. (PI. Yin, 11, iig. i:; \ I'l. IX, B) (Host plants) BamhiiSd denostaclnja, Bamhusa nana, Bamhusa sp. : the tender stalks and the yoimg shoots are attackwl. The loaves arc not fed upon. (Season when the iuscK't is abundant) Tliis Orc'jm'i is very common near Talhoku, but is not as camnuu iis Or.'jma lamhmifuliae Takah., occasionally being abundant at auv- ssjisju. (Winged viviparous female) The winged fonas aj'e exti'cmcly riU'o near Taihoku, where usualh- only tin- wingless viviparous females are seen throughout the year. Sjme winged \iviparous females were observed iu one cjlouy on Bitml'ini ArHIDID.E OF FORMOSA. ^43 nana ou November 12 auil 21, 1920, U(':ir Tailioku. (Male and o\aparoiis female) Tliis apLis is coutiuuoiLsly vivip.iroiis tbrongliout tlio year near Taihoku, tlie sexnales never having been found. (Intermediate) Xo intermediat.^s have been discovered. (Communal life) The wingless viviparous females ai'e sometimes found in the nests of O/prifernv'S nitohci Sliiraki (Termitidae) built arouud the bases of the stalks of B' I iiihuffa slcnodaclnj<(. (Habit) Tliis aphis is very inactive, gi'ouping rpito densely ou the Baiahusn, with the hv-ad directed upwards. It has the habit, when distarlx'd, of elevating the posterior pah of logs, not dropping to the gi'ound. (Disti-ibution) Formosa: Taihoku, Sjzan, Sliinteu, Taiuau. Oregma bambusifoliae Takah. (Host plants) Bamhma stenoslacluja, Bambusa nano, Bamhusa -sp., Dcadrocnhunm Jati- florm : the lower sm-faces of the leaves are atticked. (Season when the insect is abundant) Tliis aphis is one of the most common species near Taihoku, where it is most abundant in March and April, its numbers Vieiug sometimes gi'eatly reduced fi'om June until Saptember, during wlucli period it is sometimes dif- ficult to detect the aphis in the field when tlu' leaves of the host become very hard. (^yinged viviparous femalej Numerous winged fjrms make their app.nirauce each year, near Taihoku, fi-om the end of April until the beginning of June. In other months only tho wingless forjus are seen. (Male and oviparous female) This aphis is continuously vi\ipar._)U3 all tlie year, near Taihoku. Tho 144 KYOICIII TAKAIIASIU: S3X0S have never bixni ubsc^rvetl. (Intei'mcxliiit*-) No interm(!(li,itx« have beeu coUockd. (Habit) Tin's apliLs is foiiuil j;iMiipiiig, tluiigli uot densjlv, od thi> lower surface, especially along the iiii(Wbs, of the leaves, with the head du'ected tj all direetions. TJio wingless form h;\s the habit of moving the abdomen fi-om side to side i\]ieu xory slightly, though uot strougl^-, disturbed. (Disti-ibution) loiTuosa: Taihuku, Shiriu, Kagi. Oregma montana v. d. Goot. Bamhitsa nana .- two or three winged and many wingless viviparous females ^\■em obseiTed grouping at the bases of the lower surfaces of the leaves ou Oct)lH'r -2, 1921, at Trai, ronnosa. Bamlitsa Nh-notitachtja : a few wmged and wiuglt^ss vivipiirous forms were observed ou the young shoots and leaves, near Taihoku, in Oetolier and Kovem- l)er, 1920 and 1921. TliLS aphis is rpiitc! r.ire neai' Taihoku, occurring in very small numlwrs. Oregma orientalis Takah. Host plant. — Arthmxon ciltaris ; the lower sides of tlic leaves are attacked. A fi'w wingle-ss vivip.arous females Avere oljserved grouping deusi?ly ou the basal parts of the leaves, the head directed toward the base, ou July 2, 1920, near Taihoku. Oregma panicola Takah. (PI. IX, A, fjgs. 1— (J) Host lAimt—Panicum pakns ; attickiug tli(! stalk. ^[■my wingless and winged viviparous females were o]>s»nTed ou iXcemljer 11, 192 \ near Taihoku ; ou January 3, 1921, and Jammy 1, 1922, at Unu ; and some wingless ones ou Ajn-il ',\, 1921, at I'l'ai. Formosa. APIIIDIDJ3 OF FORMOSA. ^^.g Oregma lanigera (Zolmt.) (Host plants) SacoJiannii officinarina : i\\.v. luwcr sni'faccs of tlio leaves urc !itt;ick<'il, sometimes sufierriug se^•e^■el3■, Miscantlnis spp. : the lower surSices of tlio leaves are attacked. I tiunsferred v\iuglcss viviparous females from the Miscant/im to tha Saccharum or fi'om the Sacchamni to the Blisc^ntlivs, with very siieocssfiil results. (Season wheu the insect is almudant) In FormcTSf this species is very common, occasionally occim'iuy in great aV)nudauce at any season either on the 3Iiscantkus or on the SaccJiorinn. (Winged viviparous female) Tlie winged forms are produced fi'om time ki time thi'ooghout the year in till" colonies feeding on the Saccharum, although rather scanty in number They are very rare in thoso fijediug on the Bfiscauthus, however, h;iviug been observed on this plant onlj- on INLiy 3, 1920, and on NiDvemljcr 1, 8, and M, 19-21, near Taihoku. (]\Lile and oviparous female) It is entirely viviparous all the year, without producing the sexual forms. (Intermediate) No inteiTuediates have bet'n observed. (Some notes on thi life history) The nymi^hal stage of the wingless form lasts for alioiit 10 days, but th;'t of the winged form about tw(_) weeks, in Jul}-, near Tailioku. (CV>mmnaal life) This aphis and Apkw misrcmiki Takah. are rarelv" found grouping together ou the Bliscardlius. (Habit) The young nymphs walk aliout on the host; but the wingless adults are rather sedentary in habit, grouping ^ery denselv", with the head directed in indefinite dkections. They have the habit, when very slightl.v, though n^t sti'ongly, distiu'bed, of moving the alidomen fi'om side to side for a few times. (Distributidu) 146 KYulLlU TAKAIlAsm: Foriuos.i: Tuihuku, Unii, KwuiLslurfi, Ileto, K;igi. lk)k<)-i.sl;iuds, Ki >tu-isl:iii(1. Astegopteryx styracicola Tnkah. llcist pliiiit. — Slijro-.c fonnommuii ; pvoiluciiig very lurffo g:ilb. Noiir Tuiluikn tlie wiiigt'd fn-mH make their .ipiK^arauce in Januar\- to luigi'ate to au unknown j)kiut, leaving tlio galls on the Shjrax. Not common in Formosa. Astegopteryx uekoashi Sasaki. Host plant. — Slyri'x Jdjj'jniois ; producing galLs. Near T( )kyo the winged viviparous females make their appearance about the 10th day of July to migi'ate to an unknown plant leaving the galls on the Sli/riir. A few winged forms may be seen in the galls as late as the middle of August. Many \\inged viviparous females, which were probably the sexuparae, were observed on the lower side of the leaves of Stijrax on October 18, 1918, near Tokyo. This aphis is very common in the vicinity of Tokyo. Astegopteryx fici Takah. (Host pkiuts) Ficus rdus5or\ed on the leaves on March 21, 192!, at Koheki, Formosa. No galls are produced. (Season when the iuscx-t is common) Near Taihoku this aphis may be found very commonly on Flcus rdusa at any season, occasionally occurring in great abundance, but its uuuibars are usually conspicuously reducixl during the summer, when the aphis sometimes ceases to produce young. (Winged viviparoas female) The winged forms are quite rare, ha\-ing been observed only on Jauurary 9, and 3Iavch .3 and 20, 1922, ue;ir Taihoku. (,Male and oviparous female) APHIDin.^ OF FOPaiOSA. J47 It is coutiunimsly viviparous tlivoughont the year, uo sexn;iIos liaving hcou f'luud near Taibokii. (lutermediate) Nu intermediates have been observed. ( Habit) The wicgless forms are black iu colour, very hard, aud aleurodiforni, beiug completely cemented to the leaf. The young nymphs, however, are yellow aud walk about ou tlie leaves of the host plant. The aphis does not group dens.'ly, directing the head iu indetinite directions. (Distribution) Forme sa : Taihokn, luiruu, Toyen, Koheki. Astegopteryx quercicola Takah. (Host plant) Qucmis serratn : the lower, and sometimes the upper, surfaces oi the leaves are attacked. No galls are produced. A winged viviparous female was observed laying more than teu nymphs on a leaf of Coloc'sln anfiquoruta (in March 20, 1922, near Tiiihoku. (Season when th' insect is common) Near Taihit of gi'oupuig quite densely' like some species of Orajm', ]n\t tlie wingless ones liiive no such halnt. The iiymplis of the winged form of Ad'(jiyptcnjx fid Takah., unlike tlK)30 of A. quercirohi, are rather sporadic. (Distribution) Formosii : Taihoku. Astegopteryx distyfoliae Takah. (Host jilauts) A. Winter iiost Difttylium raccMostdu : the loiives are attacked. Many small galls are produced in the spring by the stem-mothers on the upper, as «ell as the lower, surfaces of the leaves. 1>. Sunuucn' hosts. Quercus ij/itn'luli/cra ; Q. dciilota : Q. crispuJa : Quercus sp : the lower surfaces of the leaves are attiw^ked. This aphis is present on these Qv.ercl kom about the middle of June until the last of November, producing no galls, aud beuig most abundant in the fall when the sexiipar* are i>ru(luced. (Season when the species is cjmmou). Near Toky(j this apliis is quite lunuerous, although its luimbers are reduced during the snmmtn'. (Winged viviparous female) nie feiujiies of the second generation aud the sexuparae are always pro\ided \\ith wings, l)ut those of all other generations are always wingless. (^lale and ovipirous female) The males, as ^\ell as the oviparous females, have no wings, but possess a ^\ell developed rostrum and leg=. Tliese forms are present in very large Lumbers on the lower surface of the leaves of the D'tstijUum from November ArHIDID.-E OF FORMOSA. J^y nutil about the iOtli ilay ol March of tlie following year. (Life Liitory near Tokyo) The galls start about April, attaining their full growth and devcloprLont toward the end of May, and there is only one steni-mother in each gall. The stem-mi-ithers, which are, of course, wingless, begin t> produce the young about the middle of May. The adults of the second generation, which are \\iuged, make their appearance about the liegiuniug of June and migrate t) the Qwrcus, leaving the galls on the D'lshjlUim. The females of the tliird and the succeeding generations on the summer hosts arc eutu'ely wingless, black in colour, aud aleurodiform, being firmly cemented to the leaf. The sexupara?, which are winged, occur at about the beginning of Novemlwr and return to the winter host to produce the sexuales on the lower surface of tin; leaves. The males are not rare. The eggs are yello'wish green in colom", not changing ts black, and are placed upon the lower surfaces of tbe leaves of the Dislylium. (Distribution) Japan : Tokyo. Astegopteryx cuspidatge (Essig et Kuw.) (Host plants) Qiicrcus dentnii. : Q. vuspi'Iafa : the young shoots and branches are attacked. This aphis spends the whole life cycle on the Quercu.% without producing galls. Some wingless viviparous females are sometimes observed in the cre^"ic«s of the bark on the stems. (Season when the insect is common) Near Tokyo tliis aphis is very common at all seasons, sometimes occumng in large numbers. (Wmged viviparous female) Many winged forms appear only in Miy aud June. (Male and oviparous female) No sexes occur near Tok,\-o, the species Ijeing viviparous even in the vv'iuter. (Intermediate) Nj intermediates have Ijeim observed. ]-,0 RYOICm TAK.UIASllI : (llalnt) The windless forms ;iro finnly coiucutecl t<>tbo host, not gi'ouping densely, and nro sometimos eovored with tents by unts. Tlie young uyuiplis Wiilk about on the host plant. (Histribntion) Japan : Tokyo. Astegopteryx giganteum Takah. A \\ingod viviparous female was observiMl resting on the lo\rer surface of till; leaf of Ficiw niiiS'< on IMay 9, 19'2(1, near 'J'aihoku. Astegopteryx japonica Takah. ^Llny winged and a few wingless viviparous females were ol>served ou the leaves t)f lininmc-ithi.'s .s-p. '! in July 1919, at Ikegami, near Tokyo. Aleurodaphis blumeae >• d. Coot. a'l. \'. A. iig. 4) Host jilaut. — Blvmca clt'inensis : the lowt'r surface of the young leaves and tlu^ tender stalks are attack(Hl. The iuftsted leaves and stalks are sometimis slightl.N' curhKl. Near TaUioku the author has ol)se.rveHl the ■wingUss viviparous feniaU« ou "Max 16, 1921, and from the Ijt^iuuing of Febnuiry to the fii-st week of June, 1922. The wuigkss forms are rather seileutary, but not cemented to the hcst, giouping not deiLsely. Tlu! winged fcrt'ms have never Ix'en discoveViHl. Pemphigus borealis Tullgi-. Host plant. —Popvhiii up., priKhu'ing gidls. A few winged vivip.irous femak-s wi^re observwl in the galls on SeptemK-r U, 1917, near Tokyo. Al'HIDID.E OF FiJRJKtSA. 151 Prociphilus osmanthae Essig et Km\-. Host pluut. — Osinu/d/iui aijut/oUuiii, attacking tlu; stein. Some winged viviparous females and tbcir uympLs wore ol)St;r\<:d on May 22, ]918, near Tokyo. Nurudea shiraii (Mats.) Hcst plant. — B/iv.s neiiiKihd i, producing galls. This sjjec-ics is not very common near Tailioku, wIkix* the wingwl viviparous females make their appearance in Si^ptomLer t(j migrate to an unknown plant leaving the galls on the B/ivs. Geoica lucifuga (v. d. Goot) Host pliint. — Sy Mr. Isliida in January, 1917, at Shiukwa, Formosa. Forda species. Host plant. — Sail'!" o'ldlicmlfdw, attacking the ro()t. Many wingless viviparous fcmak-.s were observed on April 9, 1922, at Tailioku. Paracletiis cynodonli (Das) (I>1. yi, B, figs. C^9,) Oplismemis sp : some ^dugless and a wiugwl viviparous f(;mali;s were oljserved on January 2, 1922, at Urai, Formosa. Cijnodon daclijlon : many wiugless viviparous femsdes feeling on the basal parts of the leaves were observed on February 12, 1921, and numerous wing- less and a few winged forms were foimd on April 17 and 'SLiy 8, 1922, ne^ir Taihoku. Tetraneura javensis v. d. Goot. Hi«t plant — So.ccliarwii officinnruni, attac-kiug the rwt. 252 laoicm takaiiasih : A few wiuglcss vivi'iKiruiLS fejiiiilcs ■were collet-ted liy Mi\ Isliida in Jiiuury, 1917, at Shiukwa, Formosa. Dryopeia hirsuta l>aker. Host plant. — Or>/zn .sulivii, attacking tlie rodt. Somt! wiiigkss vivi})aroiis feroidos were collected on ^lan-li 20, 191-1, at Tainan, l>y Mr. Sawada. General summary of principal results. (Host plants) 1. From Formosa more tluiu 3500 species of plants have Ixjeu recorded, of wliicli alx)ut "200 are at present known t;) lie ftxl upon by apliids in Fi )rmo3n. 2. Gall-produfing sixx-ies in Formosa are Nurudcct sidraii Mtits, Aatcyopteri/x st iiracopliila Kju's, and Adegoptenjx slyracicolu Takali. These species leave the gidls and migrate to nnltuowu plants. 3. The life-histories of Ainphoropliora mnjndm (I'^^sig ot Knw.), Askijnp- fi i-)/x distiifolke Takah. and Nlppddchnns pirl Mats., wliieli have tlu; luxbit of alternating hosts, are known in detail. 4. Ne:u" Taihoku, Rh/puloHiphuin ni/tiiph uce L.) inluiliits various aquatic ]ilaut3 all tilt! yi:ar, without alti:vuatuig hosts, and is rarely foimd on PruriKS comnnmis. Ilyaloplcrus pruni (Fal .), near Tokyo, feeds on Phrwjmites communis and Prwtus spp. during the suimner and sjxinds the winter only on Pntmis »pp., hut near Taihi)ku the uiscK't is found on PJirwjm'des communis tlu'oughout the year and is aLso seen on Pruum spp. at tunes. (Season when the iiLsect is scarce) ]\Liny s^xHiies are reduced in iiumlxjrs during the summer when the tender ]) )rtious of the hosis l)eclocarpl Takah. have l^een discovered near Taihoku, although these species are always viviparous throughout the ye.ir in Formosa. 4. The o^^parous females of almost all the Aphidiu* are wingless, but the author has found those of the following spscies to be provided with Anugs : Greenidea hmuaiud (Perg.) G. tenidcorpus (Okaj.) Cervaplds quervus Takah. NcQp]ajllap]ds ptodocarpi Takah. 5. The sexuales of most Aphididie usually occur in the fall or the winter, but the oviparous females of Cervaplds quercus Takah. and the sexual forms of Ncoplajllaplds podocarpi Takah. make their appearance fi'om the spring or the summer on. This fact was observed only near Tokyo, not iu Formosa. (Intermediate) Two tj'pes of the brachypteroiLS fi'om have beou observed. See " Notes on the brachypterous forms of AjDhididas," p. 131. (Commiinal life) See " Plant-lice and ants," p. 151. Diftereut species on the same host plant are sometimes found in giMiips. The wingless ^iviparons females of Orcjini hanibusicola Takah. are some- times found in the nests of GijJiitermes nltohel Sliiraki. loi EYUICUI TAKAHXSHI: Plant-lice and ants. Some sjxjcies of Slucroaiphum, Mocroslphonidla , SLf.vs, AmjiltoycpJiom, Mi/zocallis, Greenkhn, Adcijoptcri/x, etc. and gall-iuhiibitiug oues are not attended li_\ ;mts, but many others are Iiabiliially \isited by tbeiu. In Formosa probably the most common iiphid-attendauts are Poli/rI(ac/) C'avuriella avaliiu Takali. Ai-ctium lappa L. ( C'omp >sita^) M;ici'osiplmm goljouis Mats. 158 EVOIClll TAKAIIASIII: Ardisifi siolxildi ]\Ii(|. (^fyi-siiiea^) Tux. iptora aiiriintii IJo^-er. ^Viiemisiii (■apilliuis Tlnuib. (Coniposita)) (^orosiplia spucios. JliicTosiplioniolla forinosiirteiiiisi;w Tukiili. ]\I;u'rosiplinin iieortrtemisia? T;ik;ih. Avtemisiu vidgiuus Jj. v;ir. iudicii INLix. Aphis kuros:u\;u T:ik;ili. Ciipitopboriis formosartomisiso Takiili. Ci'yptjsiphuiia ai'temisiso Bnckt. Macrusiphouiella tauacetarimu (Kocli) llhopalosiplinin laliorensis Uas. Avthraxon ciliaris Boniiv. (Graiuiuea\) Mjzus arthvaxonis Takali. ? Oroyiiia j)aiui'ola Taka. Oron;ii]a orieutiilis Takali. Asclepias cm-assaviea L. (Asclopiacloa>) Apliis iierii Boyer. -VstragiiJus siiiicus L. (Logiunim^jsa?) Aphis mediftigiuis Kocli. Bauibiisa sp. (Graiuiuoaj) Aphis baiubusiB FulL Myz(K'aUis baiiibuiifoUa) Takixh. Oi'Cgmji bambiisicola Takah. Orogma bambusifoliix) Takah. rhyllaphiiidi'S bambnsicola Takali. 15aiubnsa uaiia Boxb. .\pliis baiubusa> Full. Oi'egma liauibiLsicola Takah. ArnimD.E of fokmosa. Oregiiia lumbnsifi>li;« T;ik;ili. Ort'gma luuutauii v. d. d'oot. Bamlmsa stcuostachya Hack. Aphis bambnsfo Full. Myzocallis 1 laiubnsieola Talcah. Oregma bambusici >la Takah. Oi'egma baiubusifolipe Takah. Oregma montana v. d. Gdot. rhyllaphc lidcs liaiubusicnLi Takah. Bideus pilc_)3a L. (Compsita') Aphis lualvc lidos v. d. Go: if? BischoiKa javauica Bk (Eupliorliiacefo) Aphis somei Essig et Knw. Bhiiuea chineusis De. (Composite) Aleni'odaphis lihimoa- v. d. Gait. Bcehmeria nivea H(.):ik. et Auu. (Urticacea-) Myzus boehmerite Takah. Botlmospermum teiiellnm F. (Boragiuea?) Anuraphis hehchr^si K;dt. Brassica spp. (Cruciferpe) Myziis persicM/ Sulz. Iihiipidosiphnm psendi )l_irassie;c Davis. Brideha ijvata Decne (EnphDrliiaceiT') I\L'icrc)siphi:tmella citricola v. d. Gcwt. Callicav[)a lormosaua Kulfo (Verbeuacefe) Aphis gossypii Glov. \:iv. canicavpiw Takah. Capsella biu'sa-past'jris Moeiich (C'ruc-ifei'ic) IMyziis persica:" Siilz. lihojMkjsiphuin ] isondobrassicpo Davis. 159 160 EYOKHI TAKAHA'^IU: CeltLs uervoxi Ilemsl. ( IJi-ticiiceaO Sliiviipliis colti IXis. Clieunpifliuiu uHiuiii L. (C'lien()fX)di;iceiv) Mvzus persicM^ Siilz. ChrvRiutliiniium sp. (Conn>)3it;p) Myzus persific Stilx.. t'Ln&iutlieiuum coionurinm L. RLiip.-Josipliuui psHidobnissioai D;ivis. ChrySiiutbeiHrnn siueiise S;i1i. ]MRT()siplii>iiicll;i s;iulinriii Gilk'ttL'. CiLimuiomum c;uiipli(ir;i Nees. ot Kl)". (Ljuiriuefc) M;i(TosipliiniielI;i c'itiicol.'i v. rl. Gciot. Cii-sium jiipouiciim 1\: (Coiuptsitiw) Miicrosiplium cii-sicoLi Tjikjili. iSLvcrosiplmiu gobouis jNLits. Citrus si)p. (Kutiioea') Aphis soniei Essig ot Kuw. Aphis taviircsi I)ol (iiierc. Tuxopteni iuinuitii Boyev. C'lL'rucleudn >u spp. (WTbeuiwea:") Apliis iii;iha> Kofii. Cleiutleudn 111 ciiTtophylhiiii Turcz. Aphis inulv;f Kndi. Ciicos uucifera L. iPuhuasj Corntaphis Litauiaj 13oisJ. Coflea jirabica L. (Rubiacea?) Tosoptera aurautii Ijoyer. APHIDIDJE OF FORMOSA. 161 Colociiis Miuim. i^Grauiiuew) Oreguia bambusif ili;o Takali. Mvzocallis baml.iusiccpki Takali. Dichi-ocepLala latifolia Pc. (ComiX)3it;i') Aphis gossypii Ct1(>\'. Dr. sera luiu-erii Hcxik. ct Xxu. (Dn^seroccM) Aphis drosei';o Takah. Duranta pliuuieri Jacq. (Verbenaceffi) Aphis lualvse Koch. Myzns pcreicne Snlz. Eupatoriiuu formosanum Hay. (Coiup)sitiio) Auiivaphis helichrysi Kalt. Euscaphis jaiwuica Pas, (8apiudace;f) Amphorophora iudicuia ^. d. CJoot. 162 RYOKlll TAKAIIASUI: Ficus fjvojlatu Wall, i rrticacea^) Toxdptem uurniitii Boj-cr. I'iciis obscura Blnme. 3Lvcrosiphonie]l;i citricola v. d. Goot. Greeniclea ficicoLi 'Jakah. Ficus retiiSii L. ? .\stegopteryx gigantenm Takiih. Greeuidea ficicola Takah. Toxoptem aurantii Boyer. Astegopteryx fici Takah. l-"icus wielitiaua A\'all. Aphis sp. ApliLs fit'ioila Takali. AstegopteiTX fici Takali. Ficus sp. Toxoptem am-aiitii Boyer. Gl'icLidiou fi)i-tniiei ^[nell. (Fnjiliorbiixooa^) A])liis poiiii Di> (!oev. Glocliidiou Iiongkongeiise Mnell. Ayiliis ptmi De Goer. (tlyi-iue S()ja Beutli. (Legii;uini)3eii?) Ajiliis iiiedicaginis Ivk-Ii. Guapbaliuia japnjicuin Tliunb. (('uiupositic) Apliis g()ssy]>ii Glnv. Guapbiilinni innlticc])? Wall. ^Lierosiphum ambrosiio Tlwrnas. tios-sypiuiii lierbaceum L. (Malvacjie) .Vpliis gossypii GIov. Al';ill>ll),T, OF I'OiniMSA. Gmmiue.-v, ;i yliUit of tliis fumily. Aphis fr>rmi isauus T;ik,-ili. Apliis in.-iiilis Fitcli. ncraer(-)C.T,llis fwvv.i L. (Lili:icere) Mvzns liemciMC.-illis T.-ilc;ili. Hemcleuiu lj;ivb;itam Leil. (Uuiljellifemy) Bivicbycolus honicnku Takali. Hepkipluurum (..ct. ipliyllnm IV'utli. (Aniliiice;c) Apliis sniuL'i Essig ft Kuw. Hibiscum ,-tlielmnselius L. (Miilvaceai) Aphis gossypii (tLiv. Myziis persiciX) Sulz. Hibiscus ro3:i-siueusis L. Aphis ii;> issypii (Hdv. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Apliis gossypii Glov. Hibiscus sp. Aphis gossypii (ilov. Hamulus japiiiicus S. et K. (Urtioac-a') riiDnxlou Imruuli Schniuk. Ipimrea batatas r.iir. (0: luvolviiLuvio) ^lyzns p'l'sicfo Sulz. .Tussiiea suffiaiticusa L. ((Juagravii'ic) Aphis p luii IX' GcLT. Justicia procuiiilieus L. (Aemithacea') Aphis g'iss\i-)ii (iluv. 1C4 RYOKIII TAKAIIASIU: LiietiK-ii liioviiDstris Clii'.'.uj). (Cuimx^sitiv) AiniJioniphorii olern'o;!} v. d. (nK)t. ]\Li(Ti)sipl!uiii f .nudSiiuiiui Tukiili. L:ictiic;i (leliilis 15,'ii(Ii. ct Hdnk. Ainpliorophoni (ik>r;iceii' v. (I. (not. Allien )si pi ai 111 deliilis T:ik;ili. ]\Licrosiplinin f()rii:()Siimim Tjikjili. Liictac.'i fornit>3;ui:i Mjvx. ]\Iitpr<)sipliuui foriiiiii.ii3aiiniii Takali. Tjjii^eretrooiuia indica li. ( Lvtliravit^a^) ('allii)teni5 kiilKUvalunkalaui Kirk. Tjfigerstrooiuia sp] >. C'.Jliptenis kaliiiwalunkalaui Kirk. Liisiiiutlius sp. (Kiibiacua^) ^Licrusipliouiolla citriccla v. il. Goi>t. ADlIDin.E i)F FOKMUS.V. Leema hes.ancb'ii Swartz. (GrfimiueDe) BracliysipliouielLi tfi'miiini Takali. Le-iuuiTiS sibiricns L. (Liibiat;!') Toxiipteva Icvmnri Takali. Lilinm sp. (Liliaeea?) Apliis lilii Lichty Li([ni(laiub;a' formosauix PLmce. (^Hamiuamelidc;!') Aphis gossj'pii Glov. Litliocarpus nrmaua Hay. . Cnpnliferii:>) Entricliiisipliniii litliiiear[)i ^Liki. ItAmlin, radicaus Tlinnb. (Caiupaiinlaceiw) Apliis sp. Liuicera japouica Tliiiuli. ((_':;. pril'uliaCL'jo) Tncli. isipln iiiapliis p< ilygoiiiformc^sauus Takah. ^lacarauga tauavins Mnell. iEnplioil)iac«a!) T'jxoptt'i'i aurautii Ijuyor'? !Mariscus sp. iC'yiieracea') Apliis sp. Maziis japnnicns O. (SciV)plinlaviue;e) Fnllawayella viuLi? Perg. Melastoimx candiduiii Dm. iMelastoiaaceii-) .\pLis sliirakii Takah. Mehifinm vlioif.h'a Max. (SaLiac.'a') ( ivceuidea fciiwaiia Takah. :\Ientha ai-v-fiisis L. var, vulgaris rKUith (Labi^itiie) Mvzns iiK'iithrn (I'nckt.) 1G5 1(](5 KYUUai TAKAIIASUt: ^riHcautliiis s))]). (GImmiLieii') Apliis luisivuitlii Tnkali. I\Licr(«ipliniii trraiiariiua Kirli^-. ()i'(igiU!i laiiigCTa Zoliut. Mosla formoSiiiia INIax. (Tjal>iat:t>) A])]iia j^dSsypii (ilm'. IShiiTaya oxdtica L. (UutacHw) IMaorcsipliiiliiclla citricnla v. i1. GlmI. Toxii])tera auiautii IJoviT. IMiisa fi.iriiidSaiia Hay. (Scitaiuiiit'ii') Peutaloiiia uigroiicrvosa Cq. Neluinlid imc'ifera (iacvtn. (Nyni])lic«ici'ai) Jilidji.-ildsipiiuiii iiyinp]iae;c L. iSicdtiaua tabiwaiiu L. (Solaiiacoa') iSh/ns poi-si(w 8ulz. Kyiiii)lia'a sp. (Xyiupliioacufc) Jilidpaldsipliiiia iiyirijiliaea' Ij. (X-iiaiitlic stdlduifeva Dc. (Uiuliollifcra') Bi'ncliy coins licvacuki Takah. Oplisiuenns sji. ((inuiiiueio) I'avaclehis (yiidddiiti l)a=;. On/.a sativa L. (Ciraiuiiicn") Apliis luaidis I'itdi. Drviipeia hii-suta linker. JLu'ni.sipliiuu {j:i-aiiHrinin Kiil>y. Itlidpaldsiiihnin aveii* Fali. ArilUHlLE OF FORMOSA. Pajderia toiueufx)Sv A]iliis poiui De (4ctn\ Pistia sh-atiott'S L. var. asiatica Eugl. (^i\roidea') Pibopalosiplnim nyiupbaCiXi L. 1G7 2(53 KYOICJII TAK.UIASlll: I'isiun wvcnse L. (Lognmiuosic) M;icrosiphuiii pisi K:dt. M3ZILS persiciO Sul/. risuni Riitivnm L. Miicrosiplumi pisi Kalt. MyzTis jKTsic'ii; Ruiz. Pittospomm tobira .Vit. (l'itt.)spi)re;ie) Apliis soiiii'i Essii^ ot Knw. riantago major L. (ri;uit:igiiJeiB) Apiiis gossypii Glov. Pfxlociirpus luacrophyllii Don. ((Jonifcno) Neopliyll.ipliis pjdocarpi Takali. PodocarpMS migeia R. V>v. N])li()Vorkiii rnlii 'J'akak. liuiaex crispns L. ( I'olv'^ouaa^a') A])liis muiicis L. Saicliiiraui officiiiaiiiiu L. ((Traminca.') Geoica lucifnga Zoliiit. Orognia laiiigora Zclnit Teti'auoura javeiisis \. d. Cioi>t. Sagittaria sngittifylia J^. \:iv siiiousLs I\Lik. ( Alismataccff') .Tllin])alnsi]>]iniJi iiviiiphaesr L. A rUIDID.E OF FORMOSA. Yd S:ilix wfivbui'gii O. 8eem. (Siilicuioso) Apliis g( )ssypii GL )v ? Apliis s:iliccti Kalt. Cavarlella Ijicaudata Essig et Kuw. C'avariella ucocaprfc Takali. Toxoptera anrantii Buyor. Tuberolacbuus vimiualis Boj'er. Salix sp. Cavariolla bicaudata Essig et Kuw. Salvia authemifoliaB R. Br. (Labiatw) Forda sp. Salvia scapifonuis Hauc^s var. piuoata Hay. Apliis gossypii GIliv. Sapium sebifenun Roxb. (EupliorbiaceaO Alibis somoi Essig ct Kuw. Saiissm-ea affiiiis Spreng. (Oomposita^) Macrosipliiim gob-mis Mats. Scolopia crenata GIns. (Flacoiii'tiacea') T(_)xoptera auvautii Bi lyer. Siegesbeckia orieutalis L. (G<_)mp!;)sit;io) Rliopali_)siplium lalioreusis Das. SmiLix chiueusLs L. (Liliaccne) Aphis smilacifoliffi Takali. Macrosipluuu smilacifolia) Takali. Sulaimiu melongeua L. (Sulauawic) Alibis goss}i)ii Glov. ]Myziis ^xTsicn^ Siik. ]72 RVOICIU TAK.Ul.V^iU: S )laiiuiu nigiiim L. Ai>]iis vmuiiis T;. S))icluis arvimsis L. ( Oiiajwsitfo) , Atni)Liii-opbonx oleriu-nii) v. d. (lOot. .\in])]ii)rop]iorii souchifoliai Tukiili. ^I:icn)si])]niiii f(iniios;iiHiiii Takiili. Sjiicluis oleracc'iis L. Auiplioi-opliora olcracwB v. d. Goot. ]\Licrosi|)Liun fonuosauum Takah. 8^^ ii'glium vuljj;avo Pers. (Grainiue;i3) Apliis foi-uiosaiius Tukali. HUillavia aquatica Hcop. ((!'arvo])Ii\-lI(;a)) ApLis iiastm-tii KncliV St<'llaria iiligiuosa Ij. A])liiH nastiirtii KiH-h? Styivix sulMjrifoliuin IT(X)k ut Ann. (Strniceii?) Astcgopterj'x stvracioola Takah. A. styrac»)])hila Kaiscli. Tavaxacnm platyrtivpniii A. Oalilst. (^(l)inp isibe) ^lac'i'iisipluuii fiirni();.inniii Takah. Tlioa candata Wall. ('rernstnciniaco») Ti iX( )] itcTa aurantii Bo3'oi-. Tlioa cliin(msis Sims. 'J'l )Knptora aurantii I'oycv. Tlmjii oricutalLs L. (C'lmifcree) Laclmns tlmjafoliii? TliO'il). AFJiUiU.).!: OV FOUIIOSA. TnicLelosixirmum jnsmiuoiclcs L. (Apoc-simcoaa) EuhiflKisipluim mmutum Takuli. Tiitk'iuu vulg;iro Vill. (Gniuiiiicie) Apliis lujiidis Fitcii. A'i:vuoLu;i clunousis L. (Compositse) Amimpliis Iidiclirvsi Knit. Mbumiim fonuosjiuiuu Huy. (C;i,prifoli;iC(.:;L') Aphis soiuci Essig ct Kuw. ^'ibiu'uiim udunitissiimuii Kt'ir. TciXopt«r;i ••lunuitii Bnwa'. ^ ici;i tibib L. (LcgmiiiiKjSiu) Apliis nicdiciigiuis Kocli. YioLi sp. CN'iulocca' ) Fiill;iw;iyell;i y'uAia IcTgaml. "\'itex tiifolin L. wir, imiloliokt:i Sclinurr ( \'orbou;ico;w) Apliis guss^'ijii GIo\'. WiLstrcemia iiidica C A. May (Tliynuilitoaceso) Aphis modic-agiuis Kocli. W< « idwardia radicaus Siii. (l\)IypodiaC(.'!e) jMyzns \vuc)d\\ardi;t> Takah. Zea maj-s L. (GramiueiiM Apliis Jiiaidis Fitch. (Host plfiuts luikuowii.) jViuphorojihui'a t'ormo.saua Takah. Macrosiphiim taiwaiium Takaii. 173 Plate I. (A) 3[i/::m cuihraxonh T;ik:ili. (Wingless viviparous tbiu:ilfiip/ivin luiwanuia Talcali. (Wingless vivi])aror.s fciiuale) ] ibrnic-K'. 2 Ciiuila. :i — Diagram o£ tin.- markiiif^s o:i llu' ilorsum. ■1- Head. Ktop/tororhm ru'n Takali. (Wiugless vivi]«r()U3 fmuale.) r> Head. (i Coriiiclf. 7 -Cauda. (Winged viviparous fem:il<;) 8. base of anteuiia. Ainp/iorophora foruiOH noi Takiili. (AVingUs? vivii)aroU3 female) !» Head. K). Cniulii. 11 Cornicle. Plate IL (\) .^fit-rosipJimiicUa formosarfoii isi(e T;ik;ili. ^Wjii;2;ck1 viviparous foiuale) 1 Head. 2 Cauda. 3 Cornicle. MiurcmplLonidla citricola v. d. (lont. (Winged vivipu'ous foiu.ilc) 5 t'ornicle. Ainphorc/pliora soncIdfoJice Takiili. (Wiugecl \'iviparous foiiiak:') 4 -roniicle. Jf'i::us triqncuK'i Takali. (Wingless viviparous female) 6 Head. 7 Cornicle. 'Jrichompltonapliis polijgrmiformosanus Takah. (O )llefte(l on Lonicera jnponica). (Wingless \'iviparous female) 8 Head. '.) Cornicle. Aplih dpccies (ou Slari.irus sp.) (Wingless vivipiUMus ftimale) ) Cornicle. Miicrds'ipJiuin pcedcrice Takali. (Winged vivipannis female) 11 Cornicle. (B) Mi/socaUis qucrdcola Jljits. (Winged viviparous female) 1 Hrad. Mavrosipltum rosea L '.' (Wingless viviparous femal. Ccmicle. 3f'/::ocalUs hamlnisifolmc Takali. (Winged vivipu'ous feintde) (► .\ntciiiia Plate ni. I A) Aplda -sfimei Essig vi Kuw. (Winged vivipavoas fijiuiilo) 1- Aniinnii. Akha'ui polygoni Takali. (Wiugless viviparDUs fciiialc). 2 Head. 3 Cauda. 't ^Corniclu. Mijr-.oe'iUiti i/okoi/amai T;ilc.\li. (Winged vivii:);u'()us female) 5 t'oriiii-Ie. (! Cnudii. 7 Anal platu. H ntiul. Aphis species. (Wingless viviparous female CDllei'tfxl du Cijpcrus) !) Cauda. 10 Coriiiule. (B) Aphis species. (Wiugless viviparous fcniiale collected on Lobelia.) 1 Cornii-li-.s. TrieltDsiplioitaplils pohjijoui/onnosanus Takali. (Winged \iviparous female) •2 ncad. 3 ( 'aiida. 1 Coruicle. Ajiip/i(jrop/i(tri species (on PoJIi't joponica) (Wiugless vivi[)arons female) 5_H.avi]);iiMns female) 5 Ht.-i.l. <■> — Cornicle. 7 ("aiitla . CNN'iugod male) 8 Cauda. 9 Coriiieie. 10 H.ad. Cercdop/i/ii lntniKiv ISoisd. (^^'illgk«s viviparciu.s IV.inali:) ] front of li.nd. Amplionipliora olcrwrce (v. d. Goot; (Wingless viviparous female) 2 Coriiide. :! Cauda. FvUatO'ii/illa fomiosanu Takali. (AViiiglciSs viviparous female) 1 Cornicde. Aphi'i ucr/i lioyw. (Wingless vi\ii)ariius feinalc!! .") Corniele. f. t'auda. 7 Head. (Winged vivipai'on.s female) 8 Coriiiele. (Nympli of wingless viviparous fuimde) !J Caiula. Ill -Cornicle. Plate V. (Ai Mucroslplddii ]KV(h>ice Tiiknli. (Wlugloss vivipiu-oiis l(;m;il(') 1 lUml. Ahmrodaphis Ummce v. d. (iixit. (Wiugloss vivipmvjus f<;iii;il<0 i Uoml. Aphis kurosinu'ii Tiikiili. (Wingless vivipiii-oiis fomulc) 5 Cornicle. (5 Cniidn. Aphin horil T;ik:ili. (Wingless vi\ii):iV(His female) 7-8 — Cornii-K-s. Girr/iidca Jicicohi Tiik.-ili. (Winglt;ss viviparous foiu:ile) 1 Abnormal coriiicle. 2 normal conicle. Ciijptos'iplnuii arlemisice Buckt. (Winged \-ivijwrons feiuiile) :! ( ■iiu.ln. Aphis horii Takali (WingcKl vivi]); irons female) ■1 ('oruu'lf. Orc(jma panicda Takali. (Wingless viviiKU'uiis foiualo) 5 -HfAil Jinil jintenna. Ccrviiphis ipii'rcxs Takali. (AVingless viviparous female) i; Corniolo. Mifjis inomoiiis Mats ? (Wingkiss vivip;u"ons feiuiile) 7-1) — Corninles. 10 .\utennn. 11 Ciiudii (Ifttcml view) J'2 CiiUfln (dorsal viewj 13 Uoul. (^\'ingc(l viviparous fciiuile) 11 Cornicle. Plat 3 VI. (A) JI//::ocalUs Imricola (M;its) (Winged Aiviparous fomalo) 1- — -abnormal fore wiu^- 2 vcniition of the same 3 Fore wius of macroi)terous form. ■1 Fore wins of brachypterons form. Drepuuaphis toktjoensis n. sp. (Winged viviparous fuinjile) 5 Cornicle. 6 Cornicle. 7 Cauda. 8 Head. 9 Fore winp;. 10. base of the linl anteniial joint. (V,) Marroai pliuiu luouricni'mlai Takah. 1 Ueail of winged viviparous female. Orcijma panicola Tnkali. (Winged vivipsirons fonmle) 2 Part of aiiteuna. 3 An;il plate. Ampliorojihwa magnalicB (Rssig et Kin\'.j Collected on Snnilmois raccmosa.. i Cornicle of male. 5 Head of male. Paracli Ins ci/iiodonti (Das) (Winged vivip;a"ons feiuale) (i Diagram showing the si;;e and position of the grovijis of wax-p 'res on the dorsum of the abdomen (left halti 7 Antenna. 'J Wax iiores on the metanolnm. (Wingless vivipirotis feuuile) H Antenna. Aiieijopkrijx Jici n. sp. (Winged viviparous female) 10 Head. 11 .Vnal plate. Vi Head of nymph. 13 .Intenna of nymph Plate VII. (A) J/j/::)is persiecp (Snlz) 1 Hiad. (Wiused vivipurons fomnlc) 2 Heml. (Wiijp;ccl male) '■i Cauiln. Mijzm formosamts n. s]). (Wiiigloss vivij);ir()us foiuulo) 4 Heiul 5 Cornicle, Pcutnhmia nifjrmcrvosa Coq. (Wingless viviparous female) Ilend (on Mitsa snpi-ns). 7 Cornicle (ou .1/uxrt sajn^im). H Head (on Aliiinui specinsa). !) — Comiole (on Alpiiiia speciosa). (B) Bracliiisiphonidl ( rnicU'. (! II. ad. Myzus aiiliraxnni.s Takali. (^^'iugleS3 viviparous female) 7 (Cornicle. S Crtiidn. L'fipiiophorus /ormosarfimifike Takah. !) -Cornicle of winged viviparons female. 10 Comiole of wingless viviparous female. MtjZits hciimi-()caJUs Takali. (Wingless vivipiu'ous female) 11 (tornicle. 12 Head. 1.3 Cau.la. (Winged ^•ivil)aro^s ft;male) It- — -Cornicle. IC Cauda. Plate VIII. (A) ^f/pus liir/imcricp u. S)). (WiiigldSS vivi]);ilV)us fcinjilt:) 1 Cornicle. 2 (';inila. 3 Head. (WjufTed vivi]):iroiis tiiiiuile) •t ( 'orniole. ■> 3r(l nliti'imiil joint. M(icronip](Hia (jranarimn Kiiby. CollccttKl ou Blisc'vdlnm. (Wiii}i;l(;ss vivii):iiMus fciUiilo) <■) roriiicle. 7 ( ■.•uiilii. 8 HiMi,1. JL/::m mtutliU (Biickt) (\V'iiiL;l(:ss vivipiiiMUS f<;iu;tlt;) 1 — Ci.iula. 2 ;i— Cornicl.-. (Wiugcd vivijun-oiis f<;in;ik') 4 Cornicle. 5 Ileml. (5 Cauda. As(c(/opfci\i/x atiji-(tcophila Karscli. (Wiugefl vivipiirous fcmalo) 7 Fore wing. H .^jial ]ilute. hairs removed. '.) ile.id. 10 Last nntennal joint. 1 1 I'arl of antenna. I 2 ( 'oruiole. (Jirym-f. bamiusicola Tukali. (WiugtKl vivipiiroas fomiilo) j:i -Head. Plate IX. (A) Orciimi p'mivda Tnkali. : Head of ^rowii nymph of winged viviimrO'is fem:ile. (Wingless viviparoiLS female) 2 Dingmm showing the distribution of wiix-pores on the dorsum. ;t Head. 4. Cornicle. (Winged viviparous feraalc;) 5 Cornicle. 6 Antenna. (B) Orcgina laiiiliusicola Tak;i1i. (Winged %'ivip;U'c>ii3 female) 1 Hiud leg. 2 Cauda, hairs removed. y Iinst autennal joint. (Full-grown uympli of winged vivipirous femiUe) 4 Cornicle. .') . Head. G Antenna. (Nympli of tlac Grst inst;ir) 7 — Haul. (Wingless viviparous feraiile) 8 Head. 9 Cornicle. INDEX PAGE .'Viocona actinoJaphnii Takali 142 Akkaia Ijolygoni Taljah . . 58 Aleurodaphis bliuneae v. d. Goot 150 Amphoropliora formosana Takah 30, 85 imlicam v. tl. Cioot 87 magnoliae Essig et Kuw 86 Lileraceae v. <1. Goot 84 soncliifoliae Takah 31, So sj>ecies 32, 85 Aniiraphis hf lichrysi Kalt 112 Aphis avenae Fab .... 34 bambasae Full 106 ilrosernc Takah 109 ricieola Takah 110 formosanus Takah 107 gossypii Glov 97 gossypii var. callit^arpae Takah 91» horii Takah 61 kiirosawai Takah 103 lilii Licht? 39,102 inaidis Fitch 107 lualvae Koch 99 malvoides v. d. Goot ? 37, 103 mtilicaginis Koch 101 luiscauthi T.akah 1C8 nasturtii Koch 10;) nerii Boyer 38, 104 padi Kalt 34 pomi T>e Geet 103 rumicls Koch 101 salioeti Kalt lOi sambuci L 59, 105 shirakii Takah 109 smilacifoliae Takah 96 somei Essig et Kiiw 110 species 40, 41 tavaresi Del Guerc WZ Areshna shelkovnikovi -Mord 35 As'.egopterjx 52 TAOE cuspidatae Essig et Kiiw 119 fici Takah 55, 116 distif oUae Takali 1 1 '■> giganteum Takah 150 japonica Takah 67, 15.1 nekoashi Sasaki 146 quercicola Talcah 1 47 slyracicola Takah 53, 1 46 styracophila Karsch 54: Brachycohis heraculei Takah 112 Brachysiphoniella gramini Takah 43,113 Brevicoryne brassicae L '^2 Callaphis magnolicolens Takah ^ 2 ) Calliptenis kaha\valuok:ilaui Kirk • • ■ • 44, 125 Capitophonis braggi Gillt-tte 30 formosartemisiae Takah 83 hippophaes Koch 28, 83 Cavariella araliae Takah 35, 93 bicaudata Essig et Kuw 94 neocaprac Takah 36, 93 Cerataphis lataniae Boi-id 150 Cerosipha species 42 Cervaphis quercns Takah 118 Chromaphis carpinicola Takah 126 Cryptosiphum artemisi.xe Biickt 43, 112 llilachnus pinidensiflorae Essig et Kuw 135 piniformosanus Takah 47, 134 species 46 Drepanaphis tokyoen.sis Takah <'>6 2 INDi: IWC.K l>ryopciii LirHutii Baker 152 Eulncbniis I>iniformosnniis Taknli 13S rilc-yi -Will ? 47 I'.utriclnisiphum litliociirpi Mnki 11 « ininutum Takab l.'), 1 1 s pasnniiie Oka j Cw, 1 1 S l-'ordn I siK'ciis 5C, 151 Fulliiwayella formos;iim Takah 33, si) violae Ptrg 88 Gtoica lucifugii V. (1. Goot lol ( ireenidca ficicola Tiikah ' 1 H! formo.sana Maki 115 Iciiwaiiai PTf; 11" nigrofasciala Maki IIG qucTcifo'Jae Takah 115 Iniwana TakaU ... 115 tcnuiiiirims Okuj 117 Hyalopterus pmni Fal) 113 IjacliiHls thujafoliae Theob 135 ] Jlacrosiphouiclla citriix)Ia v. d. Goot 7('> forniosartemisiae Takah 77 sanlx)rni (Jilkttc 77 tanacctariura Koch 78 Jlacrosiplmm alopt'curi Takah 3 ambrosiae Thomas 12, 72 cirsiicola Tnliah 10, 7l (lebilis T.ikah 11,73 formo:sauum Takah 71 gol) jnis Mats G3 graiiaiium Kirby 14, 71 ibotnm Esaig et Kuw 7i) miscantbi Takab 11 neoartcmisioo Takab 75 pae.ii'riae Takah 15, 73 rosae L 13. 71 X r.\(iE smil.icifoliae Takab 72 taiwanum Takah 16 Myzocallis amudieolcas Clark 123 ariiuiliiiariae Esaig 62, 123 bamtmsicola Takab 11!) barabiisifolinc Takab 123 i-.il)itata lissig el Kuw 123 kuricola Mats 121 pseuiloaliii Takab 121 qiiercicola Mats 64, 121 querersioae Sulz 21 , 78 poIypoiUcola 'Takab 82 sftkurae Mats 81 .s.isakii M.its 81 tropicalis Takah 24, 81 wooilwarcliae Takah 28, 82 Neiichroinaphis carpini Takab 12S Neophorodon 16 nibi Takah 17, 8 1 Ncophyllapbis ixjdocjirpi Takab 129 Nippolncbims piri 'Takab 141 Nurmloa sbiraii Jlats 151 Dregma bambiisicola Takab 50, 142 bambusitoliac Takiib 143 lauigenv Zuhnt 145 montana v. <1. Coot 52,144 urientalis 'Takah 52, 14 1 panicola Takah 40, 144 raracUtiis cynodi'iiti Das 55, 152 Pemphigus borealis TuUgr 151 IN PAGE rcntiilonia nigroneivosa Coij 8D Peripbyllua formosamis TakuU ^:^^ Pborcxlon humuli Sohrnuk 84 Phyl'aphis fagifoliae Tukah 133 rhyllaphoiilcs bambusicola Tak^.b 128 Procipbibis oamanlbae Essig et Kuw 151 Pteiocbloriis troiiicalis v. il. Goot 13G Rbopalosipbum avenae Fab 34, 9'J laborensis Daa 1)2 nympbaeae L UO pafiaveris Takah 35, U2 pseud ibrassicae Davis 91 bbivapbis PAOK cflti Daa 131 cellicolens Esdig et Kuw 130 Siom.iphis liiui Ta\ab I'M quercus Takali 138 yanonis Takah 139 Tetraufcura javensis v. d. Gojt 152 Toxoptera aurantii B lytr ... 91 leomiri Talcab 94 Tricbosiphouapbis 19 polygonifai-mosanus Takab 19, H3 Tuberolucbuus viminabs I'unsc 13G ^'esiculapbis caricis Full 9J Yamatapbis oryzae Mais 35, 92 papavi'iis Takab 35, 92 lutiabiluiiiiuabs Siusaki 35,92 ^ ~k IE IE + + ^ ^ n H Ell m m f^ EH ± T itil nil A fa lie TtT ± wr T :>(< - ir> tl!i » 1^ m tr n SMfTHSONIAN INSTITUTION UBRARIES |V|i> M ^ ^ m m m m 7. A- m m mm ^ m 3 9088 00797 6145 JE + n